신라의 지배 공간의 확장과 제의의 통합

Abstract

Relatively many studies on the nature of each rite including the establishment time of sacrificial rituals code(祀典) system of Silla have been conducted. The most notable feature is that only noted mountains and large streams, including Samsan(三山), were organized into Chinese sacrificial rituals code system of great, medium and little sacrificial rituals. Another notable feature is the installation of the Sajik(社稷) during the reign of King Seondeok(宣德王), which is thought to be relatively late. The rites for mountain and stream and Sajik were organized for a long time meshed with the national development of Silla. The process of incorporating the rituals for the God of mountain and stream(山川神) and earth God(地神) into the national rituals needs to be approached from the aspect of the expansion of the ruling space of Silla and the integration of the sacrificial rituals attached to the expansion. The process of merging the neighboring small states and expanding the territory of Silla can be confirmed through the articles of Sunsu(巡狩) or royal tours(巡幸). Assuming that Sunsu or royal tours of Silla was a political act almost similar to that of China, it is necessary to pay attention to the Mangje(望祭), which was performed with Sunsu or royal tours in Yisageum(尼師今) period. Mang(望) was a concept that embodies the practical ruling space in primary mountains and streams. In addition to securing substantial ruling power over the Sunsu or royal tours areas, it was also intended to integrate local rites by performing the rites for surrounding mountains and streams. Therefore, Mangje appeared as an abstract concept of the Four Directions(四方). Meanwhile, in the Silla's formation and development process of ancient state, the force with Hyeokkeose(赫居世) as a center figure had a status as a descendant of the sky and an ancestor of the royal family, and it was shared within the ruling forces and functioned as a pivot. The rites for earth God can be found in the rites in May and in October or Sodo(蘇途) beliefs performed in Samhan(三韓), and these beliefs has the same tendency with the beliefs of the God of mountain and stream. The rites for the earth God and the God of mountain and stream were eventually in control of the central government and hierarchized, therefore great, medium and little sacrificial rituals only for noted mountains and large streams were organized. In addition, it can be said that the sacrificial rituals code of dual system was organized with the presence of the rituals not included above. Eventually, by sharing the rituals for earth God in the Shinkoong(神宮) and the great, medium and little sacrificial rituals of noted mountains to a certain degree, the installation of Sajik seems to be completed at the relatively late period, during the reign of King Seondeok.