조선의 對淸關係와 西海海域에 표류한 중국 사람들

Abstract

Drift is a shipwreck which occurs on the sea but like trespassing on another country. East Asian, nevertheless, contributed to giving aid to people drifted in the late Chosun Period. The 18th to 19th Century, some Chinese were washed up on the shore of the west sea of Chosun. Why did they sail on the sea and drift our ashore? A total of 138 cases of Chinese drift have been found in the data published by the central government in the late Chosun Period. This allowed this study to review the time of its occurrence, their ports of origin, the places of drifting, the purpose of the voyage, and shipping goods and how the stance of Chosun Period on the Qing Dynasty had been established and developed. In 17th Century, China allowed their people to sail abroad, which made coastal residents open up coastal routes or go abroad in the Kanghe era (the period of King Kanghe’s reign 1661~1722). At that time, the relations between Chosun and Qing were sharply downsized in terms of diplomatic courtesy or form from past years, but they still claimed to stand for vertical relations to the problems pending between Chosun and Qing like trade, a border violation, people drifted, and a frontier. After King Ongjung succeeded to the throne, the relations between Chosun and Qing became stable, intellectuals of Chosun began to recognize the Qing Dynasty in reality, and normal diplomatic relations on the problems of people drift between Chosun and Qing were established. King Gunryung who succeeded to the throne following King Kanghe and King Ongjung ruled over the largest territory in the history of China thanks to the stable politic basis and ample economics. Especially, King Gunryung took action to give aid to the people drift, which had a considerable impact on activities on the sea at home and abroad. This was a time when the number of accidents of Chinese drift tripled than before. After Chinese had washed up on the shore of Chosun, the officials of Bibyunsa gave aid to them, but, on the other hand, collected information at home and abroad. Munjunbyuldan is a document which recorded dialogues between the officials of Chosun and Chinese drift. It includes a wide range of subjects like names, residential places, ports of origin, and places of drifting of people drift, shipping goods, situation of the crops, kinds of local produce, size of fields, taxation, distance between regions, local officials, size of a drifted ship, adjunctive islands, the art of fishing, navigation, pirates, and so on. The residents in the places of drifting who the Chinese met with were quite different from the officials of Bibyunsa. They considered the Chinese drift sailors rescued from the accidents on the sea rather than looked out for them. At last, in the 19th century, Chinese trespassed on our country under pretense of fishing and had access not only to the area of sea around Chosun but to even inland in the name of ‘people drift’.