奈良朝 관인의 ‘三敎’인식 연구(1) - '經國集'에 수록된 下毛野蟲麻呂의 對策을 중심으로-

Abstract

Shimotsuke-mushimaro’s Taisaku included in Keikokushu is historical records which allow to look into recognition of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in those high-ranking officials. This study, as part of a prerequite for examining this issue, was intended to investigate the title of Shimotsuke-mushimaro’s Taisaku, the time when it was written, and the meaning of Taisaku. First, giving the title of qualitative comparison of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism to it after annotating Taisaku, and then based on Shimotsuke-mushimaro’s personal history and arrangement of Taisaku included in Keikokushu, Taisaku was assumed to have been written between Keiun 4 and Wadō 4. Taisaku Test such as Shikibu-shō, in which Taihō-ryo invigilated, and Taisaku is considered as practically functioning through educational system reforms between Keiun and Tenpyou, but in Keikokushu, there had been Taisaku from the year of 707. Therefore, how can Taisaku Test before this educational system reforms be recognized? Test given to students in myogyoka is only identified as how deeply they understood zoukyou and tai-gi ;not identified that Taisaku was given to them. However, let me focus on Taihō-ryo, that is, Taihō-gakuryo: among ‘kosetsuhocyou-zyo, “if they learned ability like composing a piece wonderful enough to fulfill such duties as shusai, shinzi, they would be allowed to be kyozin.” Based on Taihō-gakuryo above, Taisaku Test on houryaku-saku for shusai and shinzi or zimu-saku can be inferred to have been given to. So, Shimotsuke-mushimaro was selected as a man great enough to take shusai and shinzi, sent to Daijō-kan as kyozin, passing the test directed by Shikibu-shō through Taisaku, and finally being an official. Thus, by examining Taisaku in Keikokushu, the fact is confirmed that from the time when Taihō-ryo was enacted, there was a course open to the person particularly exceptional in writing a composition among daigakusei by the way of Taisaku.