영국 회사법상 이사책임보험 조항과 보험약관상 쟁점에 관한 연구
A Study on the D&O Insurance Provision in U.K. Companies Act and the Issues of Insurance Policy
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많은 나라 회사법이 이사책임 감면 규정을 두고 있다. 이에 더하여 2021. 시행 일본 개정 회사법에서 보듯이 보상계약(제430조의2)과 D&O보험(제430조의3)의 근거 조항을 신설하기도 한다. 오늘날 이사 등 임원에게 각종 책임을 지우는 법령이 크게 증가하고 이해관계자가 제기하는 소송이 급증하는 등 경영자의 리스크가 증가하는 상황에 대응하는 것이다. 이에 따라 한편에서는 이사 책임을 강화하고 다른 한편에서는 과도한 책임으로부터 이사를 구제하는 문제 사이에 균형을 유지하는 것이 중요해졌다. 이는 유능한 인재 확보를 위하여도 필요하다. 이에 따라 미국은 델라웨어주 일반회사법을 시작으로 모든 주가 보상과 보험에 관한 규정을 두었고, 그 필요성은 ALI의 회사지배구조원칙에서도 확인되었다. 영국과 일본 회사법도 보상과 보험규정을 나란히 두고 있다. 본고는 영국 회사법의 보상조항과 보험조항을 연구한 것이다. 영국 회사법은 다른 나라에 비하여 이사책임에 대한 보상을 엄격히 제한하는 원칙을 유지하고 있다. 그러나 D&O보험에 대하여는 특별한 규제가 없다는 점에 특징이 있다. D&O보험은 미국서 개발되었고 미국의 영향으로 전세계에 보급되었다. 우리나라에서는 미국의 경우와 회사법 규정 없이도 1990년부터 이 보험상품을 판매해 온 일본의 경우를 중심으로 소개되었다. 그러나 실제로 미국의 D&O 상품은 런던시장에서 처음 판매되었다. 2006년 개정 영국 회사법 제233조 제2항과 제233조는 D&O보험을 규정하였는데, 사실 그 이전부터 이 보험이 활용되었고, 발전한 보험법 이론과 함께 보험가입사례가 증가하여 왔다. 이 글이 우리나라 회사법에도 보상규정과 D&O보험의 근거규정을 신설할지 여부를 판단하는데 도움이 되길 바란다. 또한 기업의 위험관리에 대한 국제화가 필요한 시점에서 영국 회사법의 보험규정, D&O보험 시장의 현황과 보험약관의 주요 내용을 이해하는 기초자료가 되었으면 한다. 본문에서 서술한 바와 같이 영국에서 D&O 보험이 판매되고 있음에도 이를 입법화 한 것은 중요한 의미가 있는 것으로 보인다. 영국의 입법화를 볼 때 우리나라 회사법에도 규정을 신설하는 것이 필요하다고 생각한다. 다만 입법의 내용이 영국과 같을 필요는 없으며 이에 대하여는 깊은 논의가 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
Many countries' company laws provide provisions that reduce the liability of directors. In addition, as seen in the revised Companies Act of Japan, which took effect in 2021, provisions for the basis of the company indemnification contract (Article 430-2) and D&O Insurance (Article 430-3) are newly added to the Companies Act. This is in response to a situation in which management risks are increasing. For instance, the number of laws and regulations that impose various responsibilities on directors and other executives is expanding, and the lawsuits filed by stakeholders are rapidly increasing. As a result, it has become essential to strike a balance between strengthening directors' responsibilities and relieving directors from excessive liability. Accor- dingly, in the United States, starting with the Delaware State General Corporation Law, all state Corporation Laws provided provisions for indemnification and insurance. ALI's Corporate Governance Principles also confirm the need for such provisions. The Japanese and British company laws also stipulate the regulations on indemnification and insurance together. This paper focuses on indemnification and insurance provisions in the U.K. Companies Act. Compared to other countries' laws, the U.K. Companies Act has stricter indemnification restrictions on the liability of directors. In contrast, there are no special regulations for D&O insurance. D&O insurance was developed in the United States and spread worldwide under the influence of the United States. The case of Japan, which has been selling this insurance product since 1990, even without regulations under the Companies Act, and the case of the U.S. was mainly introduced to Korea. However, the U.S. D&O insurance product was first sold on the London market. Articles 233(2) and 233 of the U.K. Companies Act, amended in 2006, are about D&O insurance. Nevertheless, D&O insurance was used even before those provisions, and insurance purchases have increased along with the evolving insurance law theory. It is hoped that this article will help decide whether or not to establish a new legal basis for indemnification and D&O insurance in Korean company law. As internationalization of corporate risk management is necessary, it is also hoped that this thesis will serve as a fundamental source for understanding the insurance regulation under the U.K. Companies Acts, the current state of the D&O insurance market, and the main contents of insurance terms and conditions. As described in the article, although D&O insurance is being sold in the U.K., the fact that this insurance has been legislated in the U.K. law seems to be very important. Considering the legislation in the U.K., it seems it is necessary to create new provisions in the Korean Commercial Act. However, the content of the legislation does not have to be the same as that of the U.K., and in-depth discussion will be required.
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