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국가 신용파산스왑 프리미엄 결정요인 및 동조화 행태 분석

Determinants and Co-movements of SovereignCDS Premia

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참고문헌

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주제분류경영학

초록

본고는 우리나라를 포함하여 29개 국가의 신용파산스왑(CDS) 프리미엄 결정요인 및 동조화 행태를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 우리나라의 경우 국가 신용파산스왑 프리미엄 결정요인으로 경제성장률은 음(-), 대외부채 및 VIX 지수가 각각 양(+)의 부호를 나타내며 유의적이었다. 한편 이들 결정요인들간에는 공적분검정 및 오차수정모형 추정결과 장기균형관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 29개국 패널분석결과 경제성장률 및 미국채 수익률이 각각 음(-), VIX 지수 및 대외부채 등이 각각 양(+)의 부호를 나타내며 유의적인 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 주성분 분석결과 글로벌 금융위기 이후 신용파산스왑 프리미엄의 동조화 행태가 심화되었으며 지역별로는 유럽재정위기 국가들의 동조화 현상이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 아울러 지역별 1차 주성분과 글로벌 금융변수와의 상관계수를 추정한 결과 아시아지역의 경우 VIX 지수와의 상관성이 높게 나타난 반면 유럽재정위기 국가들의 경우에는 미국채 수익률과의 상관성이 높게 나타났다. 향후 정부, 중앙은행 및 금융당국 등이 국가부도위험 참고지표로 신용파산스왑 프리미엄을 모니터링하거나 이를 활용하여 정책대응에 나설 경우 본고의 연구결과는 유용한 정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the determinants and co-movements of sovereign credit default swap (CDS) premia. First, the empirical results for Korea show that there are significant relationships between the Korean CDS premium and its determinants—an negative(-) relationship for the rate of real economic growth, and positive(+) relationships for external debt and the VIX index. The results of both the cointegration tests and error correction models for the four variables confirm that a long-run equilibrium relationship among them exists. Although a certain variable may allow deviation from the long-run equilibrium, it shows that the equilibrium relationship is again recovered by shortening the deviation gap up to 93% within a mere quarter-period. Second, the empirical results of panel data analysis for 29 countries reveal the CDS premia of those countries to be negatively related to their rates of real economic growth and to U.S. Treasury yields, while being positively related to the VIX index and to external debt. Third, co-movements of sovereign CDS premia after the global financial crisis were increased. Principal component analyses show that the first principal component explains 80 percent of the variation in sovereign CDS premia after the global financial crisis(4Q2008-4Q2011), while it explains 64 percent of the variation in sovereign CDS premia during the former period(1Q2002-3Q2008). Co-movements of sovereign CDS premia by region were also observed. In particular, principal component analyses of the PIGS(Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain) countries show that the first principal component explains 95 percent in the variation in PIGS' sovereign CDS premia. The explained variation of sovereign CDS premia by the first principal component is lower for Eastern Europe(85%), Latin America(82%) and Asia(76%). Meanwhile, for Asia the coefficient of correlation between the first principal component and the VIX index came out the highest at 0.93, while that for the PIGS countries was the lowest at 0.33. This may be interpreted as indicating the risk tendencies of international investors (reflected in the VIX index) to be the most significant factor explaining the movements of Asian sovereign CDS premia. In the case of the PIGS, however, U.S. Treasury yields exert more influence in determining their CDS premia. It is anticipated that the three findings above effectively contribute for government, central bank, and monetary authorities to monitor sovereign default using CDS premia and take timely action in regards to this.

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