한국 서비스 산업의 외국인직접투자와 제조업 생산성
FDI in Services and the Productivity of Manufacturing: The Case of Korea
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초록
금융, 유통, 사업서비스 등의 서비스는 제조업을 비롯한 여러 산업 및 기업의 중간재로 사용되기 때문에 이들 서비스 산업의 생산성이 여타 산업의 생산성에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 서비스 무역개방이 경제성장과 제조업의 생산성 향상에의 파급효과에 대한 연구는 있었으나, 무역 못지않게 서비스의 중요 공급수단인 외국인직접투자의 파급효과에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 서비스 산업의 외국인직접투자가 1985-2003년 16개 제조업의 성장에 미친 파급효과를 동태패널분석방법(dynamic panel approach)인 시스템 일반화적률법(system GMM)으로 분석한다. 분석 결과, 서비스 산업의 외국인직접투자가 제조업의 성장에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 부가가치가 높고 고용창출효과가 큰 서비스 산업의 경쟁력을 높임과 동시에 제조업의 생산성을 제고함으로써 성장잠재력이 저하되고 있는 우리나라의 성장 동력을 확충하기 위해서는 서비스 산업에의 외국인직접투자를 적극 유치해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
The importance of services quality in the economic development is increasingly recognized, and thus many studies focus on the effects of trade liberalization in services on the economic performances. However, the spillover effects of FDI in services are not well studied. To fill this gap, this paper studies the impacts of FDI in services on the productivity of manufacturing in Korea. We employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator as it allows us to control the endogeneity problem arising from the inclusion of the lagged dependent variable. The empirical result shows that FDI in services has a significant positive effects on the productivity of manufacturing sectors.
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