중국에 대한 외국인직접투자의 기술파급 효과 요인에 관한 실증분석1)
Technology Spillover Effect of Foreign Direct Investment into China
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본 연구에서는 중국 국내기업과 외국인투자기업이 상호작용하는 패널 연립방정식을 이용한 2SLS 시스템 분석방법을 통해 외국인직접투자기업의 중국내 기술파급효과에 대해 실증분석을 행하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 첫째, 경쟁관계에 의한 기술파급효과는 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있어 외국인투자기업과 국내기업과의 경쟁이 심할수록 기술파급효과는 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 자본집약도의 경우에는 정의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 중국 국내기업의 자본집약도가 높을수록 노동생산성이 증가한다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 인적자본 규모에 따른 기술파급효과는 예상과 달리 부의 상관관계를 보이고 있는데 이러한 이유는 중국의 고급 기술 인력이 그들이 속한 기업의 성취도에 크게 기여하지 못하기 때문으로 판단된다. 넷째, 기업규모변수는 예상한 바와 정의 상관관계가 나타내고 있어 기업규모가 확대됨에 따라 기술습득능력이 개선되어 국내기업의 노동생산성도 향상되는 것으로 판단된다. 다섯째, 기술격차의 경우 예상 부호와 같이 부의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 외국인투자기업과 중국 국내기업의 기술격차가 큰 경우 기술파급효과는 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 외국기업의 국내시장 개입정도는 정의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 외국인투자기업이 중국내 시장에서의 비중이 높을수록 중국내 기술파급효과는 더 높이 나타남을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This paper implemented the empirical analysis on technology spillover effects of foreign direct investment within China through 2SLS system method. It uses panel simultaneous equations with interacting domestic firms of China and foreign firms. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, competition and technology spillover effect has a positive relationship. It implies that the more competition between China's firms and foreign firm is, the more significant technology spillover effect has. Second, capital intensity and technology spillover effect has a positive relationship. It means that as firms increase their capital intensity, labor productivity increases as well. Third, the size of human capital and technology spillover effect has an unexpected negative relationship. The reason seems that high skilled labors of China do not contribute to their firms' achievement. Fourth, the size of firms shows an expected positive sign. It suggests that the improved ability of technique acquirement by expanding the size of firms causes to increase their labor productivity. Fifth, technology gap and its spillover effect has an expected positive relationship. In other word, technology spillover effect is low when there exists large technology gap between foreign and domestic firms of China. Finally, the higher domestic market share of foreign firms and technology spillover effect has a positive relationship. It implies that as foreign firms have the higher market share in China, technology spillover effect has the stronger impact.
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