무역정책에서 수직 구조와 연구개발투자
R&D Investment and Vertical Structure in Trade Policies
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Spencer and Brander(1983)의 제3국 모형을 도입하여, 외국 하류기업의 복점 경쟁에서 수입국의 통상정책이 외국 상류기업의 R&D투자에 주는 영향과, 각 외국 상하류기업의 이윤 및 수출국과 수입국의 후생에 관해 비교 분석한다. 그 결과, (i) R&D투자 효율성이 높을수록 비관세 정책인 자유 무역이 수입국의 높은 사회 후생을 달성한다. (ii) 수출국의 후생은 제품 차별성이 높다면 자유무역 정책을 선호하며, 제품 차별성이 낮다면 관세 정책의 경우 더 높은 후생을 달성한다. (iii) R&D투자량을 결정하는 상류기업은 자유무역 정책의 경우 더 높은 투자량을 설정하지만, 이윤 수준은 제품차별성과 투자효율성 수준에 따라 달라지며 이에 따른 무역 정책 선호도도 다르다.
Abstract
Incorporating the third-market model into international duopoly with a vertcial structure, this paper considers strategic trade policy in which the exporting upstream firm sets the input price and makes R&D investments. We show that when investment is sufficiently efficient, importing country's welfare is greater under free trade than under tariff regime, while exporting country's welfare is greater under tariff regime than under free trade. (ii) R&D investment level is greater under free trade than under tariff regime. Hence, depending on both the degree of product differentiation and investment efficiency, exporting upstream and downstream firms' profit and its welfare are altered.
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