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다국적기업 해외자회사의 역지식이전 프로세스에 관한 연구: 조절효과를 중심으로

Study on Reverse Knowledge Transfer Process of MNCs Foreign Subsidiaries: Focusing on Moderating Effect

정갑연|채명수
한국국제통상학회 (The Korean Association of Trade and Industry Studies)|2016.03|국제통상연구 (Journal of International Trade and Industry Studies)|제21권 제1호|pp. 31-66

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역지식이전지식경영 프로세스해외자회사 마케팅 지식 창출자회사 지식의 본사이전본사의 자회사 지식활용Reverse Knowledge TransferKnowledge Management ProcessForeign Subsidiaries' Marketing Knowledge CreationTransferring Subsidiaries' Knowledge to HQsHQs' Utilization of Subsidiaries' Knowledge
주제분류무역학

초록

본 연구는 내부화이론에 따라 역지식이전을 다국적기업 해외자회사와 본사 간의 지식경영 프로세스로 판단하고, 역지식이전의 각 과정의 관계 및 이 과정의 효율성을 높여주는 요인들을 해외자회사와 본사 양측 모두의 입장에서 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 역지식이전을 해외자회사의 지식창출, 자회사 지식의 본사이전, 그리고 본사의 자회사 지식활용 등의 지식경영 프로세스로 간주하고, 해외자회사의 지식창출과 자회사에서 본사로의 지식이전 관계에서 본사와 자회사의 커뮤니케이션 효율성 및 본사와 자회사의 지식연관성의 조절효과와 자회사 지식의 본사이전과 본사의 지식활용의 관계에서 본사의 흡수능력의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 195개의 다국적기업 해외자회사 및 본사를 대상으로 조사를 하였으며, AMOS(7.0 version)과 SPSS(15.0 version)을 사용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 역지식이전은 지식경영 프로세스로 해외자회사에서 창출된 마케팅 지식이 본사로 이전되어 활용되는 과정을 확인하였다. 또한 해외자회사가 창출한 마케팅 지식이 본사로 이전되는 과정에서 본사와 자회사 간 공식적, 비공식적 커뮤니케이션 효율성의 조절효과를 확인하였으며, 본사로 이전된 마케팅 지식을 본사가 활용하는 과정에서 본사의 흡수능력이 조절효과를 하는 것을 밝혀냈다. 그러나 본사와 자회사의 지식연관성은 해외자회사가 창출한 마케팅 지식을 본사로 이전하는 과정에서 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

According to the theory of internalization, this study considers reverse knowledge transfer(RKT) as the knowledge management process between multinational corporation's(MNC) foreign subsidiaries and headquarters and reviews elements to enhance the effectiveness in every RKT process in the perspective of foreign subsidiaries and headquarters. This study considers RKT as knowledge management process which includes foreign subsidiaries' knowledge creation, transferring subsidiaries' knowledge to headquarters, and utilizing subsidiaries' knowledge in HQ. In the process of subsidiaries' knowledge creation and transferring subsidiaries' knowledge to HQ, this study reviews communication effectiveness and moderating effect of knowledge relevance between HQ and subsidiaries. In the process of transferring subsidiaries' knowledge to HQ and utilizing subsidiaries' knowledge in HQ, this study reviews HQ's moderating effect of absorptive capability. To this end, this study surveyed 195 MNC's foreign subsidiaries and headquarters using AMOS(7.0 version) and SPSS(15.0 version) to analyze collected data. Analysis confirms that RKT is knowledge management process which is the process of transferring created marketing knowledge to HQ. In addition, moderating effect of official or non-official communication effectiveness between HQ and subsidiaries was confirmed in the process of transferring marketing knowledge created by foreign subsidiaries to HQ. This study reveals that absorptive capability of HQ during the course of utilizing transferred marketing knowledge plays as moderating effect. However, knowledge relevance between HQ and subsidiaries has no proven moderating effect in the process of transferring marketing knowledge created by foreign subsidiaries to HQ.

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