한국 서비스업 외국인직접투자(FDI)의 제조업 생산성 파급효과 분석: 서비스업 종류별․기간별 비교
The Effects of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Services on Manufacturing Productivity: Service Types and Sampling Periods Matter
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본 연구는 2005∼16년 우리나라 산업별 FDI 도착금액 자료를 이용하여 서비스업 FDI 유입이 제조업 생산성에 미친 파급효과를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 선행연구와 비교하여, 본 연구는 서비스 산업을 소비자서비스, 생산자서비스, 지식기반서비스로, 기간을 2000년대 중후반과 2010년대 초중반으로 나누어 비교 분석한 특징이 있다. 분석 결과, 제조업 최종생산에 중간재로 투입되는 생산자서비스와 지식기반서비스의 FDI는 제조업 생산성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 지식기반서비스 FDI의 제조업 생산성 파급효과가 가장 컸다. 그러나 이러한 효과는 오직 2000년대 중후반에만 존재했던 것으로, 2010년대에 들어 서비스 산업의 규제 수준이 높아짐에 따라 통계적 유의성을 상실하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 서비스 산업 FDI를 통한 제조업 생산성 향상의 극대화하기 위해 중간재 성격이 강한 서비스업을 중심으로 적극적인 규제 완화가 필요하다는 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper empirically examines the spillover effects of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in service industries on manufacturing productivity, based on a panel data set at the 5-digit KSIC level for Korean service and manufacturing industries during the 2000-2016 period. The paper adds to the literature by analyzing whether the spillover effects can differ according to service types and sampling periods. The empirical results show that the spillover effects were positive only for producer and knowledge-based services which were used as intermediate inputs for manufacturing. The spillover effects were the most prominent in knowledge-based services. However, these spillover effects became statistically insignificant during the early and middle 2010s when service regulations were more intensified. Thus, the paper highlights that inward FDI policies in Korea should focus on deregulation, especially for knowledge-based services, to promote manufacturing productivity.
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