Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi 사건에 관한 ICC 상소심재판부의 판결(2020) 평석
The Critical Note for the ICC Appeals Chamber Judgment on the Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi Case(2020)
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리비아 사태의 Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi 사건은 ICC 관할범죄를 범한 자에 대한 국내적 사면 조치가 국제법상 허용되는가의 여부에 관한 중대한 쟁점을 제기한 사건으로 평가된다. 왜냐하면, 로마규정에는 이 문제에 대해 명시적으로 언급하고 있지 않아 중대한 법적 공백에 처해 있기 때문이다. 이 문제에 대해, 위 사건의 전심재판부는 “그 성격상 인도에 반한 죄에 해당될 수 있는 중대하고 체계적인 인권 침해는 국제법상 사면의 대상이 되지 아니한다는 강력하고 점차 증대하며 보편적인 경향이 있다”고 판단하였다. 이러한 전심재판부의 결정에 대해 Gaddafi 측 변호인단은 곧바로 상소를 제기하였고, 이 문제에 대한 상소심재판부의 최종적인 견해가 지난 2020년 3월 9일 제시되었다. 그러나 당초의 기대와 달리, 상소심재판부는 위 전심재판부의 입장을 단지 ‘obiter dicta’로 보면서, 국제법은 위와 같은 사면의 허용가능성 문제에 관하여 ‘여전히 발전적인 단계’에 있다고 일축해 버리고 말았다. 그렇지만, 상소심재판부의 Carranza 재판관이 자신의 개별보충의견을 통해 국제인권법, 국제인도법, 그리고 국제형사법 분야에 관한 조약과 판례를 광범위하게 검토한 후 ICC 관할범죄에 대한 사면은 국제법과 부합될 수 없다는 확립된 ‘법률, 원칙, 기준들’이 존재한다고 주장한 점은 주목할 만하다. 그러나 위 사건의 담당재판부들이나 Carranza 재판관이 제시한 입장이 과연 국제법상 어떠한 법적 함의를 지니는지 명확하지 않는 등 비판적인 검토가 필요한 부분들이 존재한다. 이러한 배경 하에서, 이 글에서는 Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi 사건의 상소심재판부의 주요 쟁점별 판결 내용과 Carranza 재판관의 개별보충의견의 주요 내용을 살펴본 후, 상소심재판부의 판결 내용을 중심으로 이를 비판적으로 평가하였다.
Abstract
The Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi case of Libyan Situation is regarded as a case that raises a serious issue as to whether domestic amnesty measures against those who commit crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC are permitted under international law. This is because the Rome Statute does not explicitly address this issue and are in serious legal hiatus. On this matter, the Pre-Trial Chamber of the case stated that “there is a strong, growing, universal tendency that grave and systematic human rights violations – which may amount to crimes against humanity by their very nature - are not subject to amnesties under international law.” About this, Counsel for Mr Gaddafi immediately appealed the decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber above, and the final judgment of the Appeals Chamber on this issue was presented on March 9, 2020. Contrary to the public expectation, the Appeals Chamber found that the Pre-Trial Chamber’s holdings above were merely obiter dicta and just said that “international law is still in the developmental stage on the question of acceptability of amnesties.” By the way, after a comprehensive review of treaties and precedents in the areas of international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law, the Judge Carranza of the Appeals Chamber, through his Separate and Concurring Opinion, drew a meaningful conclusion that “there is well-established law, principles and standards confirming that general amnesties for grave human rights violations, such as those caused by the commission of crimes under the jurisdiction of the ICC, are incompatible with international law.”However, there are some issues that need critical review, such as whether the position presented by the Appeals Chamber or the Judge Carranza has any legal implications under international law. Against this background, this article examines the content of the majority opinion of the Appeals Chamber in the Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi case and the main content of the judge Carranza's Separate and Concurring opinion, and then critically evaluates those based on the judgment of the Appeals Chamber.
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