미국의 지역 기반 관계금융시스템 연구

Abstract

Since the mid-1990s, the importance of the regional economy has grown because of the decentralization. The decentralized countries such as Germany and Japan, have developed the region-based financial systems. The regional financial system has a close relationship with the regional economic activation and regional policy. However, despite the various regional policies, the Korean government was not interested in the financial system that could support regional development. A region-based financial system is important to promote local economic development based on decentralization and local autonomy, and to promote autonomous and independent regional policies. In addition, regional policies based on fiscal expenditures are difficult to sustain regional economic growth due to limitations of tax revenue. Therefore, a region-based financial system should be established to strengthen regional autonomy and sustain long-term economic development. It is important to support SMEs, self-employed persons, and vulnerable groups and to realize social responsibility in the region. In order to build region-based relationship banking in Korea, it is necessary to establish a differentiated regional financial system, and to form a system of division of role between national wide finance and regional finance. In particular, regional balanced development and continuous development of the regional economy require differentiated regional financial systems that are tailored to the local characteristics. In a liberalized and globalized financial market environment, region-based financial institutions can contribute to the financing of local vulnerable groups and to eliminate the economic polarization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of the United States and to derive the policy direction of Korea in order to build a region-based relationship banking system that supports the continuous development of regional and local economy and social integration. This study suggests the following policy directions. First, it is necessary to establish a region-based relationship banking centered on cooperatives such as credit unions, MG community credit cooperatives, Mutual Banking etc.. In addition, the financial supervision system centered on the central government should be reorganized in line with the expansion of decentralization, so that the supervisory authority over the cooperative financial institution, which has a strong character of regional financial institutions, will be transferred from the central government to regional or local governments. Second, a policy that takes into account the specificity of local financial institutions is necessary to establish region-based relationship banking. It is important to expand the guarantees of the central government or local governments, if necessary, for local financial institutions to develop and activate local financial products for SMEs, small businesses and vulnerable groups. In addition, local financial institutions can enjoy favorable interest rates for local-based enterprises and stable loans to local residents with autonomy to develop and operate products flexibly according to the characteristics of the local economy. Third, the division of role and cooperation between regional branches of the national wide financial institutions and regional financial institutions should be established. It is also necessary for the national wide banks to organize their functions and roles so that their savings banks can become a regional financial institution in order to contribute to the formation of region-based relationship banking. Fourth, to build region-based relationship banking, local financial institutions should enhance their ability to provide consulting services. In order to strengthen region-based relationship banking, non-financial support such as business or management consultation is required. Fifth, it is necessary to rationalize the central government's regulation on the local financial system. The central government should create a system for protecting and nurturing regional finance like the United States, in order to revitalize regional economy based on regional characteristics and promote balanced regional development. Sixth, the regional financial institutions need to innovate themselves and reform their activities.