공주 수촌리 고분군 출토 고대 유리구슬의 화학조성과 제작기술 해석
Interpretation of Chemical Compositions and Making Techniques for Ancient Glass Beads from Suchonri Tomb Complex in Gongju, Korea
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초록
공주 의당에 있는 수촌리 고분군에서는 여러 차례의 발굴조사를 통해 다양한 시기의 유구와 유물이 출토되었다. 백제시대 분묘로 알려진 8호분에서는 청색계열 및 금박 유리구슬과 석영질 구슬이 다량 수습되었다. 이 연구에서는 대표적인 유리구슬을 대상으로 산출상태와 내 부조직 및 화학조성을 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 제작기법을 해석하였다. 이 결과, 유리와는 다른 석영질 구슬이 확인되었으며 유리구슬로는 칼륨과 나트륨 계열 및 금박구슬로 분류되었 다. 유리구슬의 내부조직에는 기포와 미용융 첨가제가 혼재하며, 첨가제의 성분은 융제와 안정 제 및 착색제로 다양한 결정과 형태를 보였다. 유리구슬의 내부조직과 기포 배열 및 불순물의 형태로 보아 감은기법과 늘인기법 및 주조기법 등 여러 방식의 제작기법이 적용된 것으로 나타 났다. 이와 같이 한 장소에서 하나의 장신구에 사용한 유리구슬이 조금씩 다른 특성을 갖는다 는 것은 제작장소와 사용재료 및 제작자의 다양성은 물론 외부에서의 유입 가능성도 지시한다. 또한 매장주체를 위해 장례의식에 필요했던 구슬을 조달해 구성하였을 가능성도 높은 것으로 해석할 수 있다.
Abstract
The Suchonri tomb complex in Uidang of Gongju has been excavated several times, and the remains and artifacts from various periods have been unearthed. Tomb No. 8, known as a Baekje Kingdom, collected a large quantity of blue-colored glass beads, quartz bead and gold-gilded glass beads. In this study, we analyzed the occurrences, internal textures and chemical compositions of representative glass beads, and interpreted the making techniques based on the study. As a result, quartz bead, which are different from glass, were confirmed, and the glass beads were classified into potassium, sodium and gold-gilded beads. The internal texture of the glass beads contained a mixture of bubbles and unmelted additives. The additives consisted of fluxes, stabilizers and colorants compositions, and were observed in various crystals and shapes. Based on internal textures, arrangement of bubbles and shape of impurities within the glass beads, it seems that various making techniques such as the winding, the drawing and the molding methods were applied. In this way, the glass beads used in a single location have slightly different characteristics suggests the diversity of the manufacturing site, materials used and producers, as well as the possibility of external introduction. It can also be interpreted that the beads were likely procured and assembled for the funeral rites to serve the purpose of the interred individual.
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