한국 포타쉬 유리구슬의 조성 분류에 따른 특성 비교
Characteristic Comparison of the Composition Classification on Potash Glass Beads Excavated in Korea
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초록
본 연구에서는 지금까지 자연과학적 분석을 통해 확인된 30개 유적의 281점 포타쉬유리에 대하여 화학 조성에 따라 유형을 분류하고 색상, 크기, 제작 기법 그리고 유통 시기를 비교하였다. 한국의 포타쉬유리는 안정제 함량에 따라 3가지 유형으로 구분된다. Ⅰ, Ⅱ형은 CaO와 Al2O3 함량이 모두 5% 미만으로 상대적으로 Ⅰ형은 CaO 함량이 높고 Ⅱ형은 Al2O3 함량이 높다. 이와 달리 Ⅲ형은 CaO를 5% 이상 포함한다. 이들은 융제를 첨가하기 위해 Ⅰ, Ⅱ형이 초석, Ⅲ형이 식물 재를 원료로 사용한 것으로 추정된다. 유형별 특성에서, Ⅰ형은 감청색, 벽색 및 청록색, 자색을 띠고 외경이 1.4～7.4㎜까지 다양한 크기가 확인된다. 늘인 기법에 의해 제작되었으며 가장 빠른 BC 1C경 출현하여 AD 6C까지 지속적으로 유통된 것으로 나타났다. 반면 Ⅱ형은 벽색 및 청록색을 띠며, 외경이 1.9～3.6㎜ 정도의 소형 구슬이다. 제작 기법은 Ⅰ형과 동일하며 AD 1C경 나타나 4C경 단절되는 양상을 보인다. 마지막으로 Ⅲ형은 갈색, 무색, 황색을 띠며 외경이 대략 10㎜ 전후에 달하는 대형 구슬이다. 말은 기법에 의해 성형되었으며 고려 및 조선시대 민묘에서 등장한다. 이상의 결과에서 한국에서 유통된 3가지 유형의 포타쉬유리는 각기 다른 생산지에서 다양한 교역 루트를 통해 유입된 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
In this study, the potash glass beads of 281 samples in 30 sites analyzed until now were classified according to the chemical composition. And the color, size, manufacturing technique and distribution period were compared. Korea potash glass beads are divided into 3 types depending on the stabilizer content. Ⅰ, Ⅱ type is the CaO and Al2O3 content of less than 5%. Relatively, Ⅰ type has a high CaO and Ⅱ type has a high Al2O3. In contrast, Ⅲ type comprises more than CaO 5%. Ⅰ, Ⅱ type is the saltpetre, Ⅲ type is estimated using plant ash as row material of flux. A review of the properties by type, Ⅰ type is cobalt blue, copper blue and purple beads. The outer diameter is sized to the range 1.4 ~ 7.4㎜. Also it was produced by the drawing technique. It was used continuously from BC 1C until around AD 6C. On the other hand, Ⅱ type is outer diameter of 1.9 ~ 3.6㎜ and a copper blue beads. manufacturing technique is the same as the Ⅰ type. This seems to have been in use since around AD 1C to 4C. Finally, Ⅲ type is brown, colorless, amber beads and an outer diameter of about 10㎜. It was formed by winding technique and appeared in the tombs of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. As a result, 3 types of potash glass beads distributed in Korea is likely to flowing through the various trade routes from different provenances.
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