함안 말이산 8호분 출토 갑주의 제작 특성 연구
Study on the Manufacturing Characteristics of Armor Excavated from Tomb No.8 of the Ancient Tumuli in Marisan, Haman
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
함안 말이산 고분군은 아라가야 왕급 고분으로 중심 연대는 5세기 후반∼6C 초이며, 가야고분군 세계유산으로 지정되었다. 특히 8호분에서는 말 갑옷과 마주, 사람 갑옷과 투구가 한 세트로 확인되어 가야 중장기병 복원 연구를 할 수 있는 중요한 고분이다. 본 연구는 8호분 출토 사람 갑옷과 투구인 갑주에 대한 연구결과이며, 형태학적, 미세조직, 수착 유기물 분석을 통해 제작 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 분석 결과 철 소재의 제작은 고체저온환원법을 이용해 제련하였으며, 인위적인 조재재를 첨가하지 않았던 것으로 추정된다. 환원된 철 소재는 사람의 몸을 보호하고자 하는 부위에 따라 다른 형태로 제작되었다. 각 소찰 표면에는 옻칠을 해주었으며, 가죽을 이용해 연결 및 마감한 것으로 확인된다. 미세조직 관찰 결과 투구, 경갑은 Pearlite가 주요한 조직으로 확인되며, 볼 가리개와 요찰은 Ferrite가 주요한 조직으로 확인된다. 상박찰, 동찰, 상찰의 경우는 동일한 착장위치라 하더라도 시료별로 탄소 함량이 일정하지 않으며, Pearlite, Ferrite 조직이 모두 확인된다. 이는 부위별 선택적 탄소 함량 조절과 함께 의도하지 않은 제강 공정이 동시에 진행된 것으로 추정된다. 특히 곡선 형태를 갖는 투구, 경갑은 확실한 Pearlite 조직이 확인되며, 요갑은 Ferrite 조직이 관찰되는데, 보호가 더 필요한 부위인 투구와 경갑에는 제강 공정을 별도로 실시한 것으로 판단된다. 분석 결과를 종합하여 살펴보면, 소찰의 선택적 제작공정과 추가 투공 흔적 등은 갑주가 부장용보다는 실제 전쟁 행위에 사용된 것으로 추정되며, 전쟁 중 전사가 가장 중요하게 생각한 부분은 머리와 목인 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The Marisan Tomb Complex in Hanan in the Gaya Tumuli, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a royal Ara Gaya tomb dating from the late 5th to the early 6th century. Tomb N o. 8 is particularly significant for studying Gaya’s heavy cavalry because it contains a complete set of horse and human armor. This study presents analytical findings—covering morphology, microstructure, and attached organic materials—regarding the unearthed human armor and helmet unearthed in Tomb No. 8. Analysis reveals that the armor plates were produced through solid-state reduction, using iron material without the addition of artificial flux, following a low-temperature reduction method. Standardized small plates were crafted to protect specific areas of the body, with lacquer applied to the plate surfaces; components were joined and finished using leather. Microstructural analysis showed that the curved helmet and neck armor primarily exhibited a pearlite structure, whereas the cheek and waist armor consisted mainly of ferrite. The shoulder, breast, and lower body armor had both pearlite and ferrite structures with varying carbon content across samples even within the same attachmentpositions. These findings suggest selective carbon content adjustment and unintentional carburizing processes. However, additional carburizing processes could have been applied to the helmet and neck armor for the greater protection required for these areas. Such selective manufacturing processes and the presence of added perforation marks indicate that the armor was intended for combat rather than burial purposes, with the head and neck evidently considered warriors’ most critical areas.
참고문헌 (19)
- Chae, K. S., "Research on reproduction for Baekje Armor display-Focus on the Lamellar Armors of the Baekje Hanseong Era", The Korean Society Of Clothing And Textiles, 42(2), pp.281~295 (2017)
- Choi, J., "Journal of Korean society of traditional science and technology", volumes 4 and 5 combined(1), ~ (1998)
- The 26th special exhibition-maritime trading ports of Gaya Hyeondong Site at Changwon, "Daegaya Museum and The Samhan Institute of Cultural Properties", 40~ (2023)
- Horse Armor excavated from Tomb No. 8 of the ancient Tumuli in Marisan, Haman, "Gaya National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage", ~ (2022)
- Gimhae National Museum, "Armor, The Symbol of Warriors", ~ (2015)
- Haman Museum, "Haman museum 10th anniversary special exhibition catalog", ~ (2013)
- Han, W. R., "The technology study on horse armor excavated from tomb no. 8 of the ancient Tumuli in Marisan, Haman", Journal of Conservation Science, 39(4), pp.408~426 (2023)
- Unveiling the secrets of the horse armor from Haman Malisan Tomb No. 8-Production process and characteristics of horse armor and helmet from Haman Malisan Tomb No. 8, "Han, W. R.", Gaya National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 34~39 (2024)
- A Study on the Lamellar Armour excavated in the Youngnam Area in the Three Kingdoms Period, "Hwang, S. J.", The Korean Archaeological Society, 55~108 (2011)
- Research service report on the characteristics of coated armor and attached organic matter excavated from Tomb No.8 of the ancient Tumuli in Marisan, Haman, "Institute for Research&Industry Copperation, PNU", ~ (2023)
- Jo, H. N., "Metallurgical characteristics and manufacturing techniques of ring-pommel swords excavated from ancient tombs in Hadae, Ulsan", Journal of Conservation Science, 36(3), pp.197~212 (2020)
- Gaya, Centers of exchange and network in East Asia-Gaya warriors examined through archeology, "Kim, H. J.", National Museum of Korea, 246~259 (2019)
- Kim, S. J., "A Study on Analysis of Smelting Slags Produced Reproduction Experiment of Iron Smelting Furnace and Interpretation Method for the Slags", Journal of Conservation Science, 33(2), pp.75~83 (2017)
- Kim, S. K., "Study of fabrication process of Korean ancient ironware through analysis of microstructures and nonmetallic inclusions", pp.2012
- Lee, S. D., "Material characteristics of smelting slags produced by reproduction experiment of ancient iron smelting : according to Ca content", Journal of Conservation Science, 33(4), pp.297~312 (2017)
- Metal, iron and steel-the cultural history of iron, "National Museum of Korea", 99~100 (2017)
- Seol, S. I., "A study on the metallic materials used in 5th century ironmaking byproducts and iron bars excavated from the Hyeon-dong ancient tombs in Masan", pp.2021
- Shin, S. C., "A study on the manufacturing techniques and materials of 4th~5th centuries’ iron farm", craftsman tools at Masan Hyun-dong site, Yongin University, 2020
- Study of the Armor Excavated from the Nagamochiyama Kofun, "Tsukamoto, T.", The Armor of Kings: Craftsmanship and Technology of the 5th Century, ~ (1997)