함안 말이산 8호분 말 갑옷 제작기법 연구
The Technology Study on Horse Armor Excavated from Tomb No.8 of the Ancient Tumuli in Marisan, Haman
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초록
함안 말이산 고분군은 5세기 후반에서 6세기 초에 집중 조영된 아라가야 왕급 고분으로, 특히 8호분은 말 갑옷과 마주, 사람 갑옷과 투구가 한 세트로 출토되어 가야 중장기병 복원연구에 중요한 고분이다. 본 연구는 5세기 후반에 조영된 것으로 추정되는 함안 말이산 8호분에서 출토된 말 갑옷의 제작 및 표면 처리기법을 분석을 통해 확인하고자 했다. 말 갑옷은 부위에 따라 다른 금속 조직이 확인되는데, 말의 측면과 엉덩이를 보호하는 신갑과 고갑의 경우연철 조직인 Ferrite가 확인되는 반면, 목과 가슴을 보호하는 경⋅흉갑 및 마주의 일부에는Pearlite가 주도적으로 관찰된다. 이는 탄소 함량이 낮은 철기를 제작하여 갑옷으로 성형한 뒤,방어를 위해 강도가 필요한 부분인 경⋅흉갑 및 마주의 챙 부분은 별도로 탄소 함량을 높여준것으로 판단된다. 갑옷 일부에서는 별도의 수리 흔적 및 추가 투공 위치가 관찰되며, 말 갑옷부위에 따라 탄소 함량의 차이를 둔 것을 통해 말 갑옷은 부장용이 아닌 실제 전쟁 행위에활용된 것으로 추정된다. 또한 전쟁 시 말을 보호하기 위해 목과 가슴 부분을 강도가 높은 철기로 제작한 것으로 판단된다. 말 갑옷의 표면으로 추정되는 칠 도막 층에서 C(탄소)가 상대적으로 높게 검출되는 것을 통해 갑옷 표면에 칠 등을 활용한 표면 처리를 한 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구 결과는 현재까지 분석 사례가 없는 말 갑옷 편에 대한 금속학적 분석 연구로, 이를통해 갑옷 부위에 따른 제작 의도와 나아가 고대 전쟁 행위 시 말의 치명적인 부위를 어느부분으로 생각하였는지 확인할 수 있는 매우 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.
Abstract
Haman Malisan Ancient Tumuli are a group of tombs belonging to the Aragaya kingsthat were intensively built in the late 5th to early 6th centuries. In particular, Tomb No. 8 is animportant tomb for the study of restoration of Gaya’s heavy equipped cavalry, as horse armor, humanarmor and helmet were excavated as a set. This study sought to confirm through analysis the productionand surface treatment techniques of horse armor excavated from Tomb No. 8 of the ancient tumuliin Marisan in Haman, which is believed to have been built in the late 5th century. Different metalstructures are identified in horse armor depending on the part. Ferrite, a soft iron structure, is identifiedin the body armor and hip armor that protects the horse’s sides and hips, while pearlite is dominantin parts of the neck and chest armor that protect the neck and chest. It is believed that iron witha low carbon content was manufactured and molded into armor, and then separate carburization wasperformed on the neck and chest armor and the top of the chanfron, which were parts that requiredstrength for defense. Traces of repairs and additional drilling positions are observed in some partsof the armor, and the difference in carbon content depending on the part of the horse armor suggeststhat the horse armor was used for actual warfare rather than for burial. Additionally, it is believedthat the neck and chest were made of high-strength iron to protect the horse during war. It is presumedthat the surface of the armor was surface treated using lacquer, as relatively high levels of C(carbon)were detected in the lacquer layer, which is believed to be the surface of the horse armor. The resultsof this study are based on metallurgical analysis of pieces of horse armor that have not been analyzedto date, and the production intention. Furthermore, it will be used as very important data to confirmwhich part of the horse was considered fatal during ancient warfare.
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