충주 칠금동 제철유적 출토품의 분석을 통한 제련실험 생성물의 재현성 평가
Evaluation of Bloomery Process Experiment Product Reproducibility Based on the Analysis of Artifacts Excavated from the Chilgeum-dong Iron Making Site in Chungju
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초록
이 연구는 국립중원문화유산연구소에서 이루어진 고대 제철기술 복원실험 중 제련실험에 중점을 두어 유적에서 확인되는 제련 생성물과 실험 생성물을 비교⋅분석함으로써 실험이 유적의 현상을 얼마나 충실히 재현하고 있는지 점검하고자 하였다. 그리하여 충주 칠금동 제철유적 제련 생성물의 특징을 확인하고 제련실험 생성물을 비교한 결과 미환원 철광석과 반환원괴 시료 등에서 유사성을 확인할 수 있었다. 유출 슬래그의 경우에도 미세조직과 화합물 분석 결과를 통해 유적의 현상을 어느 정도 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 노 내 슬래그에서는 다소 차이가 나타났다. 또한 실험과정에서 슬래그의 유출을 유도하기 위해 온도를 상승시킨 것이 결과적으로는 슬래그의 유동성을 저하시킨 요인으로 확인되었다. 따라서 제철기술을 복원하기 위해서 온도 조절 기술이 중요한 변수임을 확인할 수 있었으며 노 내 온도를 1,100∼1,300℃ 범위로 유지한다면 환원철의 과도한 침탄을 방지하면서도 제련 슬래그의 유동성을 확보해 유적 현상을 재현하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
This study focuses on the bloomery process experiments conducted as part of the ancient iron making technology restoration by the National Jungwon Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. By comparing and analyzing bloomery products identified from archaeological sites with those produced in the experiments, this study purpose to evaluate how accurately the experiments replicate the site phenomena. Through analysis of the bloomery products from the Chilgeum-dong iron making site in Chungju and evaluation of the bloomery process experiments, similarities were observed between the unreduced iron ore and the partially reduced bloom samples. In the case of the tapped slag, fayalite and wüstite weredetected, and the microstructure also showed some similarity to the archaeological site phenomena. However, there were slight differences in the slag within the furnace. Additionally, increasing the temperature in the latter part of the experiment to induce slag outflow was found to have ultimately reduced slag fluidity. Thus, temperature control was confirmed as an important variable during operation. Specifically, maintaining the furnace temperature within a range of 1,100–1,300℃ is expected to prevent excessive carburization of reduced iron while ensuring the fluidity of the smelting slag. This approach is anticipated to help more accurately reproduce the site phenomena.
참고문헌 (14)
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