고대 제련-단야기술 복원을 위한 실험적 연구 - 적정 조업온도 연구를 중심으로 -
Experiment on the Ancient Smelting‐Smithing Technologies ‐ A Study on the Proper Experimental Temperature ‐
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초록
최근 고대 제철기술 연구를 위한 복원실험이 활발하게 이루어짐에 따라 세부 기술체계나 조업방식 등에 대한 해석이 가능해지는 등 성과를 이루었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고대 제련-단야기술 복원실험을 위한 적정 온도조건을확인하여 고대 기술의 복원에 근접하기 위한 적정한 실험 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 복원대상은 고대 중원지역의 출토 사례를 기본으로 하였으며 기존의 연구 자료를 참고하여 최대한 변수를 통제한 실험을 설계하였다 . 저온으로 조업한실험A와 고온으로 조업한 실험B를 실시한 결과 실험A에서 생성된 철은 탄소함량이 적고 단야조업에도 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 슬래그의 미세조직 및 성분조성과 노벽의 침식 등 전반적인 양상도 실험A가 고대 제련기술에 근접한결과를 보였다. 실험을 통한 고대 제철기술의 복원은 유적에서 나타나는 현상의 복원될 때 이루어질 수 있으므로 고대 제련-단야 기술체계의 복원을 위한 실험은 실험 A와 같은 저온조업을 중심으로 진행되는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
Studies on ancient iron production technologies still have challenges to overcome, although there have been many results that have enabled us to understand these old technologies. The purpose of this study is to propose a suitabletemperature condition for smelting experiments. The target for reconstruction is a smelting-smithing process in the ancient Jungwon area, and the experiment was designed on the basis of published research, such as archaeological evidence. Experiment A was performed at a low temperature to produce low-carbon iron, while Experiment B was conducted at a relatively high temperature to synthesize high-carbon iron. In addition, the low-carbon iron proved to be suitable for the smithing process. Moreover, aspects such as the microstructure and chemical composition of the slag and the surface condition of the furnace wall showed that the low-temperature smelting process was closer to the ancient method. It is important to mention the premise that the reconstruction of ancient technology can be achieved when the results of an experiment replicate the conditions of a real site. The results show that direct smelting, which produces low-carbon iron bloom under a low-temperature condition, should be the subject of smelting experiments concerning the iron production technologies of the ancient Jungwon area.
참고문헌 (14)
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