복원실험 단조박편을 통한 동해 망상동유적 단야 공정의 해석
Interpretation of the Smithing Process of Donghae Mangsangdong Site through Hammerscale of Restoration Experiment
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초록
복원실험에서 수습된 단조박편의 미세조직, 외형적, 성분적 분석을 통해 공정별 단조박편의 특징을 확인하였다. 이를 기반으로 동해 망상동유적 단야로의 조업 특성을 파악하고, 출토단조박편의 효과적인 분류 방안에 대해 검토해 보고자 하였다. 복원실험 단조박편의 경우 정련, 단련, 성형 공정의 진행에 따라 두께와 직경이 감소하는 외형적 특징 변화를 확인하였다. 미세조직은 Fayalite와 Wüstite로 구성된 Ⅰ형, 조대한 Wüstite가지배적인 Ⅱ형, 3층 구조의 Ⅲ형으로 구분하였으며 공정이 진행됨에 따라 Ⅱ, Ⅲ형 미세조직이증가하는 양상이 나타났다. 또한 공정에 따른 광물조성 및 희토류원소 함량의 상대적인 차이를확인할 수 있었다. 동해 망상동유적 단조박편은 Ⅱ, Ⅲ형 미세조직이 88%의 비율을 보여 초기의 정련 공정보다는단련 및 성형 공정과 같은 중⋅후반 공정 위주의 조업이 있었을 것으로 추정된다. 한편 성분적인 차이는 명확하게 나타나지 않았는데 해당 유적의 공정 범위가 넓지 않았기 때문인 것으로판단된다. 또한 적용이 간편한 입도분리 방식으로 분류한 단조박편의 미세조직 분포를 확인해본 결과 직경이 감소하면서 Ⅱ, Ⅲ형 미세조직 비율이 높아지는 양상을 보임에 따라 직경이라는 인자를 통한 출토 단조박편의 공정 분류의 가능성을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The characteristics of the hammerscale, by process were confirmed by identifying themicrostructure, appearance, and chemical composition characteristics of the hammerscale recovered inthe restoration experiment. Based on this, it was attempted to understand the characteristics of thesmithing furnace operation at the Mangsangdong site in Donghae, and further examine an effectiveclassification method for the excavated hammerscales. In the case of the experiment hammer scale, changes in external characteristics were confirmed, withthickness and diameter decreasing as the refining, forging, and shaping processes progressed. Accordingto the change process, the microstructure was divided into type I composed of Fayalite and Wüstite,type II dominated by coarse Wüstite, and type III with a three-layer structure(Hematite-Magnetite-Wüstite). In addition, through analysis of composition, differences in composition appeared as theprocess progressed, confirming the possibility of classification of hammerscales. Excavated hammerscales were confirmed to have type II, III microstructures at a rate of 88%, it is believed that processof the forging and shaping rather than refining. In addition, differences in composition were not clearlyevident, which is considered to be because the scope of process of the Mangsangdong sites was notwide. As a result of checking the distribution of microstructure by dividing it into 4 mm or more, 2∼4mm, and 0.5∼2 mm based on diameter of the hammerscale, there was a tendency for the proportionof microstructure of subsequent types to increase as the diameter decreased, confirming the possibilityof effective process classification through diameter.
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