지리정보시스템을 활용한 서천 장암진성의 입지조건 및 지형변화 해석
Interpretation of Location Condition and Topographical Changes around the Jangamjinseong Fortress in Seocheon using Geographic Information System
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초록
장암진성은 금강과 서해가 만나는 곳의 수군진성이며 한반도 내륙으로 들어가는 관문이자 한강으로 올라가는 요충지로 백강전투와 기벌포전투 및 진포해전 등 여러 시대의 대규모전쟁이 있었던 장소이다. 진성이 입지한 후망산과 장항제련소 굴뚝이 있는 전망산은 모두 중생대 백악기의 장항각력암층에 해당하며, 거대한 돔과 같이 솟아있어 독특한 지세를 이룬다. 진성앞에는 제4기의 넓은 조간대가 형성되어 있고, 18세기 및 19세기의 고지도나 일제강점기의 지형도 등을 통해 일대의 지형이 간척되어 지속적으로 변화하였음을 알 수 있다. 서해안의 절대해수면은 현재가 가장 높은 시점이나, AD 500년경의 상대해수면은 지금보다 2 m 정도 높았으며 이후 점차 낮아진 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 장암진성의 현재 지형을 중심으로 지리정보시스템을 활용하여 기초모델을 구축하고, 해수면 변동을 통해 고지형을 모사하면 간척지와 방조제로 인해 해수면을 2 m 상승시켜도 지형변화를 예측하기 어렵다. 그러나 방조제 안쪽은 해발3 m 정도로 해안선을 따라 저지대가 분포하여 인위적 범람을 가정으로 침수지점을 탐색하였다. 이 결과, 전망산과 후망산 사이의 저지대는 침수되어 만의 형태를 띠고, 진성은 만의 동측에있어 선박을 접안하기 위해 바로 들어올 수 있는 곳에 입지한다. 따라서 바다에서 장암진성을볼 때 전망산에 가려 확인하기 어렵고 조류를 이용해 선박의 출입이 용이한 천혜의 요새와같은 지형을 갖는다. 이는 인위적 범람을 모델로 지형을 모사한 것으로 고지형과의 신뢰도를검토할 필요가 있다. 향후 조간대의 퇴적층 분석을 통한 해수면 변동과 원격탐사 및 고고학적발굴 등이 수행된다면 장암진성의 지형변화와 입지조건을 더욱 명확하게 해석할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The Jangamjinseong fortress is a naval base where the Geumgang river and meet the WestSea. It is a gateway to the inland of Korean peninsula and a strategic point up the Hangang river,and is the site of large-scale wars of various eras, including the battles of Baekgang, Gibeolpo andJinpo. Humangsan mountain, where the Jinseong is located, and Jeonmangsan mountain, where theJanghang Refinery Chimney is located, both belong to the Janghang Breccia Formation in Cretaceous,and rise like a huge dome, forming a unique topography. Quaternary intertidal zone was widely formedin front of the Jinseong, and historical maps from the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as topographicalmaps from the Japanese colonial period, show that the area’s topography has continuously changeddue to land reclamation. The absolute sea level on the west coast is currently at its highest, but therelative sea level around AD 500 was about 2 m higher than it is now, and is interpreted to havegradually lowered since then. Thus, if a basic model using geographic information system is builtbased on the current topography around the Jangamjinseong fortress and the paleotopography issimulated through sea level fluctuations, it is difficult to predict topographic changes even if the sealevel rises by 2 m due to the reclaimed land and seawall. However, inside the sea wall, low-lyingareas were distributed along the coastline at about 3 m above sea level, so the flooded area wassearched under the assumption of artificial flooding. As a result, the low-lying area between mountainsof Jeonmangsan and Humangsan was flooded and took the form of a bay, and the Jinseong is locatedon the eastern side of the bay, where ships can enter directly to dock. Therefore, when viewing theJangamjinseong fortress from the sea, it is difficult to see because it is obscured by the Jeonmangsanmountain, and it has a natural fortress topography that makes it easy for ships to enter and exit using the current. This is a simulation of the topography using an artificial flooding model, so it is necessaryto review its reliability with the paleotopography. If sea level changes through sedimentary layeranalysis of tidal zone, remote sensing and archaeological excavations are carried out, the topographicalchange and location condition of the Jangamjinseong fortress will be able to be interpreted more clearly.
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