해남 신덕리 요지 출토 초기청자의 원료 특성과 제작 기술에 대한 과학적 고찰
A Scientific Study on the Raw Material Characteristics and Production Techniques of Early Celadon Excavated from the Sindeok-ri Kiln in Haenam, Korea
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초록
본 연구는 신덕리 3-4호와 20호 요지 출토 청자에 대한 과학적 분석을 실시하고, 그결과를 기초로 두 요지를 비교하여 지역별 청자의 원료 특성 그리고 제작 기술과 관련된 정보를 획득하고 차이점을 알아보았다. 원료 특성에서 태토 융제는 3-4호가 MgO와 Na2O 함량이낮다. 유약 융제는 3-4호의 MgO가, 발색제는 3-4호의 MnO 낮아 가장 큰 차이로 확인된다. 제작기술은 두 가마 모두 Cristobalite가 확인되는 높은 온도에서 번조하였으며, 20호가 산화 번조비율이 높았다. 번조 후에는 3-4호가 더 오랜 냉각시간을 가졌을 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 두가마 모두 Lime, High-Lime 유약을 사용하였으며, 3-4호에서 20호로 시기가 지나며 망간 성분의함량이 높은 나무의 재를 사용하다가 다른 나무 재로 변경되거나, 여러 종류의 재를 혼합하여사용한 것으로 추정된다. 신덕리 3-4호의 청자는 해남 내에서 양질로 구분되는데, 그 원인으로태토의 명도가 높은 점, 산화 번조 비율이 비교적 낮은 점, 번조 후 충분한 냉각과정, 유약의재료 차이 등으로 보인다. 또한 유사한 지역 및 시기에 운영되었던 강진 용운리 63호 요지 청자와 분석 데이터를 비교한 결과 태토 함량이 구분되어 두 지역 원료 특성은 다른 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study conducted a scientific analysis of the celadon excavated from Sindeok-ri No. 3-4 and No. 20 sites, and compared the two sites based on the results to obtain information relatedto the raw material characteristics and production technology of celadon by region and identifydifferences. In terms of raw material characteristics, The body flux No. 3-4 has low MgO and Na2Ocontent. The glaze flux has lower MgO in No. 3-4, and the color developer has lower MnO in No. 3-4. As for the production technology, both kilns were fired at a high temperature where Cristobalitewas identified, and No. 20 had a high rate of oxidation. It is estimated that No. 3-4 had a longercooling time after firing. Both kilns used Lime and High-Lime glazes. It is presumed that as timepassed from No. 3-4 to No. 20, ash from trees with high manganese content was used, and thenchanged to ash from other trees, or a mixture of various types of ash was used. The celadon of No. 3-4 is classified as high quality in Haenam, and the reasons for this seem to be the high brightnessof the body, the relatively low rate of oxidation firing, the sufficient cooling process after firing, anddifferences in glaze materials. The analysis data was compared with the celadon of Gangjin Yongun-riNo. 63, which was operated in a similar region and period. As a result, it is judged that the bodycharacteristics of the two regions are different.
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