부여 북촌리 출토 동물뼈의 고DNA 분석을 통해 확인한 비특이적 산물의 새로운 해석
New Interpretations of Nonspecific Products: A Case Study of Animal Bone Ancient DNA Analysis from Bukchon-ri, Buyeo
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초록
고고유적지에서 출토된 동물유체의 분석은 종 다양성과 비율 등 양상을 파악해 볼 수 있고 뼈에 남겨진 흔적을 통해 동물자원으로 이용된 현황을 유추해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 부여 북촌리 205-4번지 유적에서 출토된 동물뼈의 종과 성별을 구별하고 비특이적 PCR 산물의 추가적인 종 정보 제공 가능성을 확인하였다. 종-특이적 프라이머를 사용한 PCR 유전자 증폭을 통해 소 5점, 노루 1점을 동정하였으며, 소 시료의 성별 확인을 위해 아멜로제닌 유전자를 증폭한 결과 암컷으로 추정되는 개체를 확인하였다. 특히 소 식별을 위한 PCR 증폭 과정에서 생성된 비특이적 산물의 염기서열 분석을 통해 1점이 노루로 추정됨에 따라 노루 종-특이적 프라이머를 사용하여 DNA를 증폭한 결과, 해당 시료가 노루임이 밝혀졌다. 이는 기존에 오류로 간주되었던 비특이적 산물이 특정 종의 유전 정보로 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다. 이번 북촌리 동물뼈 분석 사례는 비특이적 산물을 새로운 시각으로 접근하여 고대 생물자원의 활용과 종 구분을 보다 정밀하게 수행할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites helps determine species diversity and proportions, providing insights into their use as resources through bone traces. This study focused on species identification and sex determination of animal bones excavated from 205-4 Bukchon-ri, Buyeo, and explored the potential of nonspecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products to enhance taxonomic resolution. Five cattle and one roe deer were identified through PCR gene amplification using species-specific primer sets. One cattle sample was further determined to be a female based on amelogenin gene amplification results. Notably, sequence analysis of a nonspecific PCR product, initially considered an error during cattle identification, provided supplementary data that revealed the sample to be a roe deer. This finding was corroborated through DNA amplification using roe deer–specific primers. These findings highlight the potential of nonspecific PCR products to provide additional genetic information for species identification. Moreover, the results of Bukchon-ri animal bone analysis demonstrated that nonspecific PCR products can offer new perspectives in analyzinganimal remains, enabling more precise identification and interpretation of ancient biological resources.
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