근현대 야외 청동 조형물의 보존 연구
Conservation Processing of Modern and Contemporary Outdoor Bronze Sculptures
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초록
김세중 작가의 ‘피에타’(1980)는 장기간의 야외 전시와 청동 조형물 표면의 페인트 도장으로 인해 과학분석 및 보존처리가 요구되었다. 하지만 구도장층 제거 및 재파티네이션과 같이비가역적일 수 밖에 없는 보존처리 방법이 포함되어 작품의 원본성 확보 및 ‘저작인격권(동일성유지권)’을 침해할 우려가 있었다. 이에, 여러 의사결정권자와의 협업을 통해 작가 생전에주로 사용하였던 갈색을 파티네이션 색상으로 선정하였다. ‘피에타’의 제작기법 분석결과,Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb 4원계 미술용 청동으로 주조되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 용접, 수리, 결함부분의 과학분석 결과와 주조기술자와의 인터뷰를 비교하여 제작당시의 재료, 방법, 환경 등을 확인하였다. 청동 조형물 표면에 도장된 페인트는 폴리스티렌, 구리 분말이 혼합된 메탈릭 페인트와흑연계 페인트가 두차례 도장되었음을 확인하였다. 페인트의 안정적인 제거를 위해 예비실험등을 거쳐 레이저 클리닝을 적용하였으며, 3D 스캔을 통해 제거 전⋅후의 체적을 비교⋅분석한결과, 페인트층 면적의 95%를 균일하게 제거하였다. 파티네이션을 통해 갈색의 파티나를 적용하고 왁스 코팅하여 마무리하였다.
Abstract
‘Pieta’(1980) by Se Choong Kim required scientific analysis and conservation treatmentdue to long outdoor exhibitions and paint on surface of bronze sculpture. However, there was a concernthat the originality of artwork and ‘moral rights of the artist(the right of integrity)’ could be violatedby including conservation treatment methods that were inevitably irreversible, such as removing theold layer and re-patination. Accordingly, the brown color that was mainly used during the artist’slifetime, was selected as the patination color through collaboration with various stakeholders. As aresult of analyzing the making technique of ‘Pieta’, it was found that it was cast in Cu-Zn-Sn-Pbquaternary art bronze. The material, methods, and environment at the time of making artwork wereconfirmed by comparing the result of scientific analysis of welding, repair, and defects with inerviewswith casting engineers. The paint painted on the surface of the bronze sculpture was confirmed aspainted twice with metalic paint mixed with polystyrene and copper powder and graphite-based paint. Laser cleaning was applied after a preliminary experiments to stably remove paint, and 95% of thepaint layer area was uniformly removed as a result of comparing and analyzing the volume beforeand after removal through 3D scanning. Brown patina was applied through patination then wax coatingto finish.
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