근대 철도 인프라스트럭처의 운영과 그 특징- 한일비교의 시점에서 -

Abstract

This paper investigates the railroad infrastructure as a modern economic system and considers the influence of the introduction of railway system and the implication of the railroad management to Korean. For this purpose, I estimate the capital stock, the real product value, the cost structure, the rate of added value, the profit rate, the productivity,the capital intensity of Korean National Railroad(KNR) and compare these estimates with those of Japanese National Railroad(JNR) to prove the characteristics of a colonial railroad management. Up to 1920s, KNR was not able to establish the managerial stability and far from JNR as for the capital productivity. However KNR recovered the managerial stability with the help of Korean industrialization in 1930s and enhanced the investment rate during the wartime period. In this fact, the infrastructure investment of Korea was not decided by internal factors but by external factors. I compare the status formation, the turnover rate,the disposition rate, the wage structure of KNR with those of JNR or between Korean and Japanese employees of KNR. I find that the employment structures of KNR and JNR were completely different, though they had similar employment structures until 1910s. Especially,during the wartime period, Japanese employees became relatively scarce and were preferentially posted in the interior hierarchy and work places to hold the leadership of KNR. In the meanwhile, the mass employment of Koreans was carried out to make up for the shortage of Japanese staffs. Because the labor dilution of KNR was serious in WWⅡ,KNR needed the administration and technological advices of US military railroad unit after the liberalization of Korea from the Japanese Occupation. An important facet of the colonial characteristics which appeared in a colonial economic system and employment structure becomes clear through this historical analysis.