조선후기 雲門寺 전각의 건립시기와 伽藍配置 변화 검토

Abstract

This study set out to investigate the construction time of major buildings and changes to the temple layout of Woonmun Buddhist Temple in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty. The findings helped to demonstrate a few facts: the study first reviewed the construction time of major buildings remaining at the Temple and found that Daewoongjeon was built in 1655, Manseru was built in 1655~ 1678, and Gwaneumjeon and Jijangjeon were built in the third period. The study then examined the effects of such tall buildings as Manseru of the Temple on its major axis and location by categorizing the Buddhist temples into ones in a mountain, hill or flatland. Both the major axis and path of action of tall buildings and temples were affected in the Buddhist temples in mountains. It was similar with Buddhist temples in hills, but there was no relationship between the entry axis of visitors and tall buildings. Tall buildings on flatland, such as Manseru of Woonmun Buddhist Temple, had enormous impacts on the major axis of a temple. In the case of Woonmun Buddhist Temple, they altered the axial line from north-south to east-west. The study also analyzed the temple layout of 1655 and found that a minor axis connecting Mireukjeon and Mitajeon was established alongside with the central axis of the Temple and the major axis connecting Daewoongjeon and Geumbeopdang in those days. In addition, the number and composition of the major buildings remaining at the Temple in 1655 were similar to those of Woonmun Buddhist Temple during Goryeo described in the historic records of the Temple, which adds authenticity to the historic materials of the temple layout. The investigator analyzed the temple layout of 1935 and explained the four differences from that of 1655. The first difference involved changes to the major axis of the central buildings. The temple layout of 1655 showed two paths of action along the north-south meridian. That of 1935 showed no changes to the major path of action connecting Daewoongjeon, Geumbeopdang, and Jakapjeon and witnessed two new minor axes including one connecting Manseru,Daewoongjeon, and Sipyukjeon and another connecting Jijangjeon, Gwaneumjeon, Chilseonggak, and Geumbeopdang. The second difference derived from the monument house for High Priest Seolsong to the Joseon area. The third difference came from the disappearance of the Sambowi area and the marking of small temples including Cheongsinam and Naewonam in the east, Bukdaeam in the north, and Sariam in the south. These small temples still remain the same around the current Woonmun Buddhist Temple. The final difference involved a clear change of temple axis from north-south to east-west after the construction of Manseru.