간다라 불탑의 특징과 변천에 대한 고찰

Abstract

In this study, we first address transformations in the forms of the stupa of Gandhara, which are the most important objects of worship in Buddhist architecture. It is thought that the oldest stupa is the 1st great stupa at Sanchi in India whose form originated in approximately the 2nd century B.C. The beginning of Buddhist architecture is this mound-shaped stupa. In many ways, the stupa of Gandhara occupy a definite place of importance in Indian art history. The numerous stupa and sculptures that have been excavated in the district of Gandhara have attracted considerable attention. Large stupa as well as Dharmarajika was built in Taxila and Swat. The pilasters went around the base. The detail survey about this stupa has not been carried out. However, it is one example of typical stupa which is the mound type with the circular base. The proportions of stupas dramatically changed in this manner. The axiality of the vertical direction rising up into the sky was created because the drum was given by changing the form of the base from a circle into a square. The stupas developed into a solemn construction afterward because their bases became higher and the surfaces of both the bases and drums were decorated. It may also be said that the surfaces of the stupa came to be decorated with Buddhist statues and other sculptures, pilasters, friezes, cornices, using various techniques. On the other hand, stupa was built with free-standing columns on the four corners of a square base, as one of the classifications of the stupa bases. Stupas with cruciform plans, as an alternative development of the stupa, also appeared. This spectacle may have presented dynamic effect, giving worshipers solemn feelings.