남지장사 석조지장보살좌상 「造成發願文」을 통해 본 17세기 조각승 ‘勝湖’ 연구

Abstract

Namjijangsa temple is a Buddhist temple located in Gachang-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu Metropolitan City and its sanctuary is enshrining a sitting Ksitigarbha stone statue of 40cm height in a separate closet. The figure is posed to stoop its head similar to that of a monk without bandana as though it is overlooking from above. Although the head is somewhat larger, its neck is shorter, and it has narrow shoulders, the statue has a stable body proportion in overall. Its squarish and rounded face with lively expression gives a happy and bright feeling. During the investigation, the 「Construction written prayer(造成發願文)」 was found from the items kept in the statue, and it turned out to be constructed by 'Seungho' in 1659. According to the sources so far, the name of 'Seungho' first appeared in the construction of the sitting wooden Amitabha Buddha statue of Mt. Deogyu Yeonsusa temple enshrined in Geochang propagation center(Shimwoosa) in 1640. He was also found to participate as an assistant monk artist in constructing the sitting Amitabha Buddha stone statue of Songnimsa temple in Chilgok in 1655, and the wooden Buddha statue enshrined in the main building of Songnimsa temple in 1657. It was verified that 'Seungho' was responsible for constructing various statues for 10 years from 1678 to 1688, including the sitting Buddha triad stone statue of Deoksa temple (Cheonjusa) in Cheongdo, Gyeongbuk(1678), the sitting Ksitigarbha stone statue of Seongjusa temple in Changwon, Gyeongnam(1681), the sitting Amitabha Buddha stone statue of Jangansa temple in Gijang, Busan(1684), the sitting Buddha triad stone statue of Daejeonsa temple in Cheongsong, Gyeongbuk(1685), and the sitting Buddha triad stone statue of Ingaksa temple of Gunwi, Gyeongbuk(1688). According to these sources, 'Seungho' was thought to begin taking up the responsibility since 1678 with Gyeongsang provinces as his sphere of activity. But, the discovery of the 「Construction Written Prayer」 from Namjijangsa temple‘s sitting Ksitigarbha stone statue revealing that the figure was solely constructed by 'Seungho', confirmed that his first work as the monk artist in charge was the sitting ksitigarbha stone statue of Namjijangsa temple. Moreover, it was also discovered from the data collected so far that 'Seungho' only used the Zeolite Gyeongju mined from Golguram, Gyeongju. Hence, the sitting Ksitigarbha stone statue of Namjijangsa temple is considered to have substantial value as data to study the activity period, genealogy, and the idiom of 'Seungho' the monk sculptor. Hereupon, this paper intends to disclose the action state of 'Seungho' as a monk artist in charge through his Buddha sculpting status and the style attributes, as well as to identify his position in Buddhism sculpting history.