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코로나19 백신 기사에 대한 선택적 노출 연구: 정보과부하와 개별 감정의 영향을 중심으로

Examining Selective Exposure to News on Covid-19 Vaccination: Focusing on Effects of Information Overload and Discrete Emotions

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주제분류신문방송학

초록

연구목적 본 연구는 코로나19 백신의 안전성에 대한 여론이 대립하고, 백신 부작용에 대한 기사들과 필요성에 대한 기사들이 정파적 언론에 의해 상이하게 제공되던 상황에서, 코로나19 백신 접종에 대한 개인의 기존 태도에 따라 관련기사에 대한 선택적 노출 경향이 나타나는지 검증하고자 하였다. 또한, 인지적 정보 처리 관점과 감정의 평가이론 관점에서 선택적 노출의 심리적 메커니즘을 탐색하기 위해서, 코로나19 이슈에 대한 정보 과부하 수준과개별 감정(분노, 불안, 혼란, 희망)이 코로나19 백신 기사에 대한 선택적 노출 경향에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구방법 본 연구는 온라인 설문 전문 기관을 통해 2022년 2월 15일부터 5일 간 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 20세 이상서울 거주 성인을 대상으로 연령과 성별, 거주 지역의 할당 표집을 실시하였다. 코로나19 확진 경험이 있는 응답자를 제외하고 총 532명의 응답자가 최종 분석을 위한 표본에 포함되었다. 연구결과 온라인 설문 분석 결과, 응답자들은 코로나19 백신에 대한 자신의 기존 태도(찬성 혹은 반대)와 일치하는 기사헤드라인들을 보다 더 선택해서 읽으려는 경향이 있었다. 이러한 선택적 노출 경향은, 개인의 정보 과부하 수준인식이 낮을수록 증가하였다. 또한 코로나19 백신 반대 집단에서는 코로나19 백신에 대한 분노 감정이 높을수록, 코로나19 백신 찬성 집단에서는 백신에 대한 희망 감정이 높을수록 각각 코로나19 백신에 대한 부정적 혹은긍정적 기사에 대한 선택적 노출이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 코로나19 백신에 대한선택적 노출 경향이 코로나19 백신 추가 접종이라는 예방 행동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 결론 및 함의 기존 연구들이 대부분 인지부조화로 설명해 온 선택적 노출의 메커니즘에 대해, 본 연구는 인지적 정보 처리관점에서 정보 과부하의 역할을 실증적으로 분석하였으며, 그와 함께 코로나19 백신에 대한 개별 감정이 해당기사에 대한 선택적 노출에 미치는 영향을 함께 탐색하였다. 또한 코로나19 백신 기사에 대한 개인의 선택적노출 수준이 코로나19 백신 추가 접종이라는 향후 예방 행동 의도에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써, 기존의 선택적노출 문헌을 이론적으로 확장하였다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 신종 감염병 위기 맥락에서 효과적인 공중보건커뮤니케이션을 위한 다양한 실무적 함의들을 제공하였다.

Abstract

Objectives This study examined how individuals would select news articles on COVID-19 vaccination based on their own existing attitudes toward the issue in a situation where public opinion on the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine was conflicting. In addition, in order to explore the psychological mechanism of selective exposure from the perspective of cognitive information processing and appraisal theory of emotions, this study investigated effects of information overload and discrete emotions (i.e., anger, anxiety, confusion, and hope) on the level of selective exposure to news articles on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods An online survey was conducted for 5 days starting from February 15, 2022 through an online survey company. Quota sampling was conducted on adults aged 20 years or older living in Seoul based on age, gender, and region of residence. After excluding respondents with confirmed COVID-19 experience, a total of 532 respondents were included in the sample for the final analysis. Results Results of the online survey showed that respondents tended to select more headlines that matched their existing attitude (for or against) toward COVID-19 vaccination. This tendency of selective exposure increased if individual's perception of information overload level was low. Significant positive effects of anger and hope on selective exposure were also found in the COVID-19 vaccination opposing group and the support group, respectively. Finally, this study found a significant influence of selective exposure on future vaccination intention against COVID-19. Conclusions Regarding the mechanism of selective exposure, which most existing studies have explained as cognitive dissonance, this study empirically analyzed the role of information overload and discrete emotions from a cognitive information processing perspective. We also theoretically expanded the existing selective exposure literature by analyzing the impact of an individual's level of selective exposure to COVID-19 vaccine articles on future preventive behavior intention to receive additional vaccination against COVID-19. Based on these results, various practical implications for public health communication practitioners are provided.

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