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코로나19 백신 접종 의도 연구: 확장된 건강신념모델과 감정 및 정파적 미디어 이용의 영향을 중심으로

Influencing Factors on Vaccination Intention against COVID-19: Focusing on the Extended Health Belief Model and the Impact of Emotions and Partisan Media Use

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초록

본 연구는 확장된 건강신념모델을 기반으로, 국내 코로나19 백신 접종 시행 1년이 지난 시점에서 개인의 코로나19 백신 추가 접종 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 코로나19에 대해 지각된 심각성과 취약성, 코로나19 백신에 대해 지각된 이익과 장애, 코로나19 백신 접종에 대한 사회적 규범, 자기 효능감이 포함된 확장된 건강신념모델에, 개별 감정과 정파적 미디어 이용 변인을 추가하고 사회적 규범을 지시적 규범 및 묘사적 규범으로 세분화하여 코로나19 백신 추가 접종 의도에 대한 영향 요인들을 확인하였다. 코로나19 확진 경험이 없고, 코로나19 백신을 적어도 1회 이상 접종한 서울 시민 492명을 대상으로 한 온라인 설문 결과, 코로나19 백신의 지각된 이익, 지시적 및 묘사적 규범과 자기효능감이 높을수록 코로나19 백신 추가 접종 의도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 코로나19 백신에 대해 지각된 장애와 분노 감정이 높을수록 코로나19 백신 추가 접종 의도가 낮아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 보수적 미디어를 많이 이용하는 응답자일수록 코로나19 백신 추가 접종 의도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 연구 결과에 대한 이론적, 실무적 함의를 논의하였다.

Abstract

Based on the expanded health belief model, this study analyzed the factors influencing individuals' intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Specifically, perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19, perceived benefits and barriers regarding COVID-19 vaccination, social norms (prescriptive norms, descriptive norms), self-efficacy, individual emotions, and partisan media use were examined as the influencing factors on vaccination intention against COVID-19. An online survey was conducted with 525 Seoul citizens who had no confirmed COVID-19 experience in February, 2022. As a result, it was found that the higher the perceived severity of COVID-19, the perceived benefits, social norms and self-efficacy regarding COVID-19 vaccination, the higher the intention to get COVID-19 vaccination in near future. On the other hand, it was found that the higher the perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccine and anger toward the COVID-19 vaccination, the lower the intention to get the COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, it was found that the respondents who used more conservative media had lower intentions to get the vaccination against COVID-19. The theoretical and practical implications of the main findings were discussed.

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