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국가 간 무역구조의 특성을 고려한 지역무역협정의 무역효과

A Study on the Trade Effects of Regional Trade Agreement Considering Trade Structure

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주제분류경제학

초록

이 논문은 최근 많은 논의가 이뤄지고 있는 ‘지역 내 경제통합의 경제적 영향’에 대한 연구 중 한 가지이다. 이 연구에서는 북미자유무역지대(NAFTA), EU, 한중일 FTA 등과 같은 다양한 지역무역협정(RTA)의 무역효과를 알아보기 위해 중력모형(gravity model) 추정기법을 활용해 국가간 지역무역협정(RTA) 체결이 무역에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히 이 연구는 두 나라 사이의 무역보완성(trade complementarity)과 수출유사성(export similarity) 등 무역구조를 반영하는 지수들을 설명변수에 포함시켜 국가별 무역구조의 차이가 무역량 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다는 점에서 기존 연구들과 차별성을 갖는다. 아울러 이 무역구조 지수들이 RTA 체결을 통해 역내외 국가들에게 미치는 영향들을 통해 RTA의 무역창출(trade creation) 및 무역전환(trade diversion) 효과에 대한 함의를 확인할 수 있다.

Abstract

This is one of the studies on the regional economic integration and its effects; then, to see the trade effects of Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) like NAFTA and EU, this study analyzes how an RTA contributes to the trade of each country pair using gravity model estimation. Especially this paper introduces trade complementarity and export similarity as explanatory variables to reflect the effects of trade structure on the change of trade. In addition, its estimates imply that RTA will affect differently for inside and outside countries because of trade creation and trade diversion effects.

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