채무불이행 사건에서의 최적손해배상산정에 관한 법경제학적 탐구: 한국 계약법제를 중심으로
A Law-and-Economics Analysis of Determining Optimal Damages Amounts for Default Cases in Korean Contract Law
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본고의 목적은 사회효율적 이행과 의존, 및 자발적 참여까지 유도하는 한국 계약법체계의 확립에 일조하는 것이다. 그를 위한 기초작업으로서, 실제 판결에서 청구되는 일실이익 및 지출비용의 손해유형들이 어떤 식으로 민법 제393조의 통상과 특별손해로 분류되며 그 구체적 배상범위가 획정되는지 검토한다. 현행 배상방식은 해외학계에서의 주요 연구대상이었던 ‘기대배상방식’과 유사하며 동시에 단점으로서 ‘과잉의존’ 문제가 인지되어왔다는 사실을 확인한 후, 향후 효율성제고를 위한 주요 탐구과제들을 추출한다. 이어 기존 연구들의 일반화를 거쳐 과잉의존 문제를 극복하기위한 ‘최적 기대배상방식’을 고안한다. 기대배상방식을 근간으로 하면서도 소망스러운 특성들을 모두 유도한다는 차원에서 이 작업은 이론적 의미를 갖는다. 궁극적으로, 앞서 추출된 주요 탐구과제들에 대하여 이론분석결과로써 경제학적 평가를 수행하고, 현실과의 접목을 위해서 실제 판결자료들에 이 평가결과를 적용해본다.
Abstract
This paper explores critical ways to make a contribution to helping establish Korean contract law which can elicit not only socially optimal behavior (i.e., efficient breach and efficient reliance) but also voluntary participation from contracting parties. For this purpose, we first examine the theoretical essences underlying the legal components stipulated in Korean contract law so that the result can be used for facilitating the ensuing economic analysis. We also verify that the main skeleton of damage measures in Korea is very similar to the so-called expectation damages which has been studied overseas for long, and subsequently identify two major topics to be explored in the paper. Upon formally building the scheme of ‘optimal expectation damages,’ the generalized expectation damages which satisfy all the desirable characteristics from an economic perspective, we utilize the scheme to address the aforementioned topics and to provide beneficial implications for future judicial policy.
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