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수출이 사업체의 숙련노동 상대수요에 미치는 영향: 제조업 사업체자료를 이용한 분석

The Effect of Exporting on Relative Employment and Wages of Skilled Workers Within-Plant: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing

한진희
한국국제경제학회 (The Korea International Economic Association)|2015.03|국제경제연구 (KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU)|제21권 제1호|pp. 27-54|DOI 10.17298/kky.2015.21.1.002

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참고문헌

키워드

Skill고용수출임금불평등숙련노동Wage InequalityExporting이질적 기업경제학 문헌분류기호: F14F61F66Employment JEL Classification Number: F14
주제분류경제학

초록

본 논문은 우리나라 제조업 사업체 자료를 토대로 성향점수매칭 이중차분 방법을 이용하여수출시장 참가가 사업체의 전체적 노동수요 뿐 아니라 숙련노동의 상대수요에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 분석한다. 본 논문은 수출이 다음과 같은 메카니즘을 통해 경제전체의 숙련노동 상대수요를 증가시킴을 보여준다. 먼저 상대적으로 숙련노동 고용비중이 높은 사업체들이 수출시장에 참가하며, 수출시장 참가는 이들의 전체적 고용규모를 증가시킨다(사업체간 효과: betweenplant effect). 본 논문에서 확인한 보다 중요한 메카니즘은 수출시장 참가가 사업체 내의 숙련노동의 상대적 고용을 증가시키는 효과, 즉, 사업체 내 효과(within-plant effect)를 갖는다는 점이다. 이러한 효과는 초기 생산성이 낮거나 규모가 작은 사업체에서 더욱 큰 경향이 있었다. 실증분석 결과는 수출이 사업체 내 숙련편향적 기술진보를 유발한다는 가설과 부합한다.

Abstract

Utilizing a plant-level panel dataset on Korean manufacturing, this study estimates theeffects of exporting on the relative demand for the skilled workers. We find that exporting increases the relative demand for the skilled workers not only through between-plant channel but also through within-plant channel. We find that skill-intensive plants are more likely to participate in exporting and that total employment increases in these plants after exporting. More importantly, we find that exporting increases relative demand for skilled workers within plants. We also find that the within-plant effects are heterogeneous across plants; initially low-productivity or small plants tend to exhibit larger within-plant effects. The evidence is largely consistent with the hypothesis that export-induced skill-biased technological progress brings about rising employment and wage disparity between skilled and unskilled workers.

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