수출에 의한 창조적 파괴 및 사업체 품목구성 고도화: 한국 제조업에 대한 실증분석
Exporting, Creative Destruction, and Upgrading of Plant’s Product Portfolio
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본 연구는 1990년대 한국 제조업 미시자료를 이용하여 수출이 과연 창조적 파괴과정을 촉진시키고, 이로 인해 사업체 품목구성이 고도화되는지 여부를 실증분석하였다. 분석결과는 수출이 사업체의 창조적 파괴과정을 촉진함으로써 사업체 생산품목의 평균적 질적 향상을 가져옴을 보여준다. 구체적으로, 첫째, 신규 수출사업체는 비수출사업체에 비해 품목의 신규생산․생산중단 및 품목구성 변경을 보다 활발히 한다. 둘째, 이러한 품목구성의 변화는 질이 낮은 품목으로부터 높은 품목으로의 구성변화를 의미한다. 신규생산 품목의 질은 생산중단 품목의 질에 비해높고, 또한 존속품목 중 상대적으로 질이 높은 품목의 출하액 증가율이 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, PSM-DID 방법을 이용한 분석결과, 수출은 사업체 생산품목의 평균적 질을 향상시키는효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 무역 및 무역자유화의 효과 및 그 메카니즘 규명에도움이 된다.
Abstract
This paper emprically examines the effect of exporting on upgrading of plant’s product portfolio, utilizing plant-product matched dataset in Korean manufacturing. We find that exporting has a positive effect on the average quality of products by facilitating creative destruction process. Specifically, new exporters add and drop products more frequently and change their product composition more actively than non-exporters. These product compositional change reflects higher-quality products replacing lower-quality products. Through these product compositional changes, new exporters upgrade their product portfolio. These results help to clarify the mechanism of gains from trade and export-led growth.
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