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산업집적이 총요소생산성에 미치는 영향:중국의 경우

The Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Total Factor Productivity: The Case of China

김호연|오성조
한국국제경제학회 (The Korea International Economic Association)|2024.12|국제경제연구 (KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU)|제30권 제4호|pp. 33-59|DOI 10.17298/kky.2024.30.4.002

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참고문헌

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중국China총요소생산성인적자본Human CapitalTotal Factor Productivity경로분석Path Analysis산업집적Industrial Agglomeration
주제분류경제학

초록

중국에서는 개혁개방 이후 급속한 경제발전과 함께 특정 지역에 산업이 집적되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 집적화로 인한 지역의 총요소생산성 향상은 자원 이용의 효율성을 높이며 산업구조의 최적화에 기여한다. 본 연구에서는 산업집적이 중국의 경제성장에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 규명하고, 이를 통해 산업집적 및 경제발전을 촉진하기 위해 각급 정부가 관련 정책을 어떻게 추진해야 하는지에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 회귀분석 결과, 산업별, 그리고 산업 전체의 특화지수와 다양성지수 모두 총요소생산성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 1차 산업의 집적은 음의 영향을 끼치는 반면 2차, 3차 산업의 집적은 양의 영향을 미친다. 특히 2차 산업의 파급효과는 다른 산업을 압도하는 것으로 보인다. 또한 산업집적이 총요소생산성을 향상시키는 주요 경로로서 물적자본의 축적보다는 인적자본의 향상이 더 두드러진다.

Abstract

Chinese economy has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up, and this was accompanied by agglomeration of firms in some regions. Thus, it is necessary to examine the link between industrial agglomeration and the total factor productivity. The purpose of this paper, firstly, is to analyze and understand the effect of China’s industrial agglomeration on its productivity. Secondly, we ask how the governments should approach this issue in order to promote further industrial agglomeration and economic development. The regression analyses show that the agglomeration of the primary industry has a negative impact, while that of the secondary and tertiary industries exerts a positive effect on TFP. In addition, the technological spillover of the secondary industry appears to be dominant. Finally, we find that the improvement of human capital has been the major avenue through which industrial agglomeration enhances the productivity.

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