연구개발투자의 생산성 증대에 관한 외부 효과: 산업내 경쟁강도 및 기업의 계열 지배구조를 중심으로
The Effect of R&D Externalities on Productivity : Evidence from Korean Firm-level Panel Data
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본 논문은 R&D의 생산성 증대효과에 파급되는 외부 효과들에 대해 통계청 기업활동조사의2006-2011년 제조업 기업 패널 자료를 이용하여 실증분석했다. R&D 외부효과는 산업수준의 경쟁강도와 기업수준에서 모회사 존재여부를 고려했다. 그리고 모회사의 산업 구분에 따라 다시 동종모회사와 이종모회사로 구분해 분석했다. 추정결과에 따르면, 고기술 산업과 중․저기술 산업에서 산업 경쟁강도는 R&D의 생산성 증대 효과에 상반된 결과를 보였다. 제조업 전체를 대상으로 하는 경우, 중․저기술 산업의 특성이 주로 반영되어 산업내 경쟁강도가 낮을수록 R&D 효과가 증가하지만, 고기술 산업의 경우 산업내 경쟁강도가 높을수록 R&D 효과가 증가하는 것으로 타나났다. 아울러 모회사가 존재하면, 노동생산성 증가율 수준은 큰 것으로 추정되었지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 모회사가 존재하면 R&D의 효과는 감소하는 이른 바 대체효과로 추정되었다. 특히 동종산업에 모회사가 존재하는 경우 이러한 현상이 더 심화된다.
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate R&D effect on labor productivity using manufacturing firm level panel data at Survey of Business Activities from Statistics Korea since 2006. In order to empirical analysis for the external effect of R&D, we examine external effect of R&D on productivity that consist of industrial concentration at the industry level and industrial classification for parent company at the firm level. According to the empirical results, in the high-technology industry, if intra-industry competition more higher then the effect of R&D on labor productivity increases. On the other hand, in the middle and low-technology industry, if intra-industry competition more higher then the effect of R&D on labor productivity decreases. In addition, we find that the effect of R&D on labor productivity is reduced, a so-called substitution effect, when the parent company exists. Futhermore, in the case that parent company's industry is the same as industry classification of subsidiary company, negative external effect becomes more increase in particular.
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