17세기 화폐유통과 전답매매양상의 변화 -賣買明文에 대한 분석을 중심으로-

Abstract

Based on historical written contracts for land dealing in the era of Joseon dynasty, this study sought to examine into actual profile of contemporary monetary circulation and resulting historical transitions of land dealing practices(賣買明文). To meet the goal, this study focused on analyzing historical literatures in the 17th century, and dealt particularly with 1,714 land dealing contracts(originated from 1601 to 1720). Those contracts dealt with rice paddy(畓), ordinary fields(田) and house sites(家垈) for dealing. According to literature analysis, it was found that there were a variety of transactional means used for land dealing, such as cloth, cereal, coin, silver, cattle and coffin. There were many cases of bad quality cloth used for land dealings in early half of the 17th century. But central and local circulation of coin money(1674) made a chance to improve quality of cloth used for land dealings. In terms of cereals, non-milled rice appeared as a major mean of land dealings after 1670, and was widely used for various dealings till 1710. On the other hand, coin money of Joseon dynasty emerged in 1670 and worked as crucial means of dealing after 1690. According to literature analysis, it was found that there were differences in the transition of dealing means among regions in Korea. Before 1680, cloth-based land dealings in Jeolla province accounted for 82.8% or higher of all land dealings, whereas about 70% of all land dealings in same province from 1681 to 1700 were based on cereal offer. Next, coin-based land dealings accounted for 44.8% after 1701, which indicates a strong tendency of Jeolla(全羅) province to use coin for land dealings after the 18th century. In Gyeongsang(慶尙) province, it was found that cloth was used as number one means of land dealings (61.5%) before 1690, whereas coin accounted for highest ratio (75%) of means for all land dealings after 1691. That is, this province shows a rapid change of means for land dealing from cloth to coin. In Chungcheong(忠淸) province, cloth was used as major means of land dealing before 1680, while cereal and coin came to account for higher ratio of all means for land dealing from 1681 to 1700. And in Chungcheong province, coin accounted for 80 % or higher of all land dealings after 1701. The circulation of coin made a chance to cause changes to some aspects of land dealing. According to comparison annual land dealing timings before and after coin circulation, it was found that the ratio of land dealings from June to October was lower after coin circulation than before, while that of land dealings from November to next February was higher after coin circulation than before. These tendencies were almost identical in dealing of rice paddy and ordinary field among 3 provinces. In the trend of land dealings on scale, it was found that 6 or more duraks of land scale comprised mainstream of land dealings in the early 17th century. In the mid and late 17th century, however, 6 or more duraks of land scale were gradually losing land market share, so that 6 or less duraks of land scale comprised mainstream of land dealings in the early 18th century.