조선후기 제주지역 土地賣買 연구

Abstract

The existing research on land sale in Jeju region targeting the documents of land sales contracts focused on excavating and introducing materials. Accordingly, it didn't examine a method of recording the document of sales contract and a change in light of contents by period. In addition, even the specific character on all the elements, which are mobilized to a sale, wasn't examined closely. Accordingly, this study examined in detail about the form and contents in the documents of sales contracts targeting 566 documents of land sales contracts, which were prepared in Juju region in the late Joseon period, based on this critical mind, and focused on clarifying the substance of the land sale in Jeju region based on this. The documents of land sales contracts in Jeju region are generally equipped with all the formal elements of forming the document of contract in the formal aspect, and simultaneously have partial particularity. Indication of a location number according to sequence of Cheonjamun(千字文:Thousand Character Classic) is not shown given the indication of a farmland site. This is thought to be a reason that Yangan(量案) wasn't prepared, which records Jaho(字號), because Yangjeon(量田) wasn't carried out after the end of the 15th century in Jejudo Island. Instead, Jejudo island is being indicated a village in the farmland site, the field name according to location, and only field name. In addition, to prevent confusion that is caused by which there is no indication of a location number, the indication of boundary on all sides in east, west, south, and north is certainly appearing in the documents of contracts regardless of period. Unlike what a reason for sale, which had been specific in the 16th century in the documents of land-region sales contracts, is standardized into ‘Gannansochi(艱難所致)’ or ‘Yoyongsai(要用事以)’ following the 17th century, Jejudo Island still shows tendency of being described in detail. Even in a means of sale, Jejudo Island is not appeared a coin in light of the specific provision until before the 19th century. Even the attachment of ‘Bonmungi(本文記),’ which gives circumstantial evidence to the sales activation level in the former period, becomes the essential record matter in the 17th century in the land area. However, Jejudo Island tends not to be mentioned enough to be just 13 cases among 74 documents in the 17th century. This may be evidence as saying that the land sale wasn't vitalized in a case of Jeju region even until the 16th century. A notable change in the 19th century is that some documents are sealed Hopyo(號標)(圖章:stamp), which is engraved a name of village in a farmland site, or that a case is discovered, which has a testifier as Gyeongminjang(警民長) or Nonggam(農監) in village. This is thought that some purchasers, who are strong in an idea of possessing land, received evidence by making authoritative people stand within village in order to secure the certain public confidence, in a situation that transaction in Baekmungi(白文記) was generalized at that time. The land sale in Jeju region is being made at ordinary times, but was made actively from November to March in next year even out of it. The month that there were the largest sales is February. Reasons for selling land include loan, useful-employment source, bad year, Hwansang(還上), poverty, and arrangement for funeral cost․horse․taxation. Among these things, loan possesses the largest selling reason. Sellers are divided into Yangban(兩班:nobleman), Yangin(良人), and servant. What enters upon the land sale the most is Yangin group. Cases that a servant substitutes for own master are just 9 cases among 566 documents of sales contracts, which are analyzed in this study. The surrogate sale through a servant is considered not to have been general phenomenon in Jejudo island. Cases that a seller is woman account for 12% with 71 cases among 566 cases. Jejudo island can be said to be high in tendency that a woman participates in a sale, compared to the finding as saying of being much less in a case that a female seller appears in the land area since the 17th century. Even a purchaser is the highest in weight that Yangin group possesses in Jejudo island. Even the social standing constitution between seller and purchaser is the largest in a case that Yangin-Yangin possesses. Thus, the Yangin-Yangin land sale can be known to have been made most actively in Jejudo island. As for an article for sale given the land trade, dry field takes up the absolute majority. It was dealt those in some districts available for rice farming because rice paddy was easy for securing water. As for a dealing scale, the transaction between 1-2 Dubuji(斗付只) was made the most due to being mostly poor. The exact account of acquiring an article for sale possesses the majority in succession. This is what was inherited from Cheobyeon(妻邊), parents, grandparents, and husband's family including ancestral tradition. Even in addition to succession, it was acquired through buying cheaply, cultivation, and repayment. The sales means, which appears in the documents of the sales contracts in Jeju region, can be divided largely into Pomok(布木), grains, and animal, which are commodity money, and Jeonmun(錢文) and others, which are metallic money. The dealing means, which was used the most, is Pomok(布木). Even following the 18th century when Jeonmun(錢文) is generalized as a dealing means given the land sale on land, the transaction that used Pomok(布木) possessed the large weight until the 18th and 19th century in Jeju region. Animals were mainly used cow and horse. There is even a case that was used Gu(狗) and Jeo(猪). Grains were used Sok(粟), Gok(穀), Pimo(皮牟), Pigok(皮穀), Silgok(實穀), minor cereals, Tae(太), and Daemaek(大麥). Others were used Pimul(皮物)(Jarokpi-雌鹿皮), clothes, Yangtae(凉太), and Panjae(板材). The use of Jeonmun(錢文) in Jejudo island was substantiated just following the 19th century. What the use of Jeonmun(錢文) was belated by about 170 years more than land was seen to be a reason not only because Jeonmun itself wasn't minted within Jejudo island, but also because Jangsi(場市) wasn't installed, which can be said to be prerequisite for distribution of Jeonmun(錢文). In addition, as the distribution of coin was vitalized on land, it was a situation that even Geumnapryang(金納量) in taxes increases. However, in Jejudo island, the center of operating taxation is to pay to the central government by still collecting Gongma(貢馬), Heuku(黑牛), and several kinds of specialties as the actual article. It was a situation of collecting even several kinds of taxation including Jeonse as the actual thing. As the above, it examined about the land sale in Jeju region targeting the documents of land sales contracts in the late Joseon period, which were excavated in Jeju region. In this process, it could be confirmed on the whole form and the recorded contents in the documents of sales contracts in Jeju region. As for the aspect different from land, the focus was on clarifying its cause.