한국 도시의 지속가능한 성장: 대기오염물질에 대한 환경효율성과 그 결정 요인을 중심으로
Sustainable Growth of Korean Cities: Focused on Environmental Efficiency and Its Determinants
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본 연구의 목적은 경제성장과 환경관점에서 한국도시의 지속가능성장의 여부를 파악하기 위하여 방향거리함수에 기초하여 환경효율성을 도출하고 한국 도시의 환경효율성의 결정요인을 분석하고자 함이다. 한국도시는 환경효율성과 인당소득의 관계에서 지속가능성장을 보였다. 수도권 도시가 환경효율성이 비수도권 도시에 비하여 높은데 이는 비수도권 도시가 수도권 도시에 비하면 오염산업이 많고 오염처리의 기술구조나 생산기술이 다소 떨어지기 때문으로 보인다. 전체도시에 대한 회귀추정 결과에 의하면 환경효율성은 인당 GRDP, 인구밀도와 양(+)의 관계를 보였다. 반면 대기업수, 기술변화와는 음(-)의 관계를 보였다. 수도권 도시의 회귀결과에서 전체도시와 동일하게 환경효율성은 인당GRDP, 인구밀도와 양(+)의 부호를 보였고 대기업이 증가, 기술변화에 대해서는 음(-)의 부호를 보였다. 비수도권에서는 환경효율성은 인당GRDP와 비례했으나 인구밀도와 기술변화는 음(-)의 관계를 보였다. 향후 한국의 도시가 GRDP를 증대하면서 동시에 환경효율성을 향상시킬 수 있도록 도시의 상황에 부합하는 산업구조의 전환, 오염저감의 효율적 방법, 오염처리기술 등을 개선할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to measure environmental efficiency, and to examine its determinants in Korean cities based on directional distance function in order to grasp sustainable growth of 57 cities in Korea. Korean cities showed the pattern of sustainable growth in relationship between environmental efficiencies and per capita income. The cities of Seoul metropolitan area are higher than those of non-Seoul metropolitan area in the level of environmental efficiency for 1999-2005. It implies that the cities of Non-Seoul metropolitan area relatively have more pollution industries, poorer technologies of pollution abatement and production technology than those of Seoul metropolitan area. Environmental efficiency in the regression results for overall cities had positive relations with per capita GRDP and population density had negative signs with number of big company and technical change. Environmental efficiency in cities of Seoul metropolitan area had the same signs with independent variables as the overall cities. However, environmental efficiency in the cities of non-Seoul metropolitan area showed a positive sign with per capita GRDP but negative signs with population density and technical change. In the future we need to improve industrial structure, effective way of pollution reduction, and pollution treatment technology so that Korean all cities can increase their GRDPs and environmental efficiencies continously.
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