조선말 조선인들의 연해주 이주를 유인하는 소문과 월경에서 드러나는 조선인들의 사회적 연대에 대한 연구 - 1864〜1877년까지를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The success stories of Korean peasants moving to the Maritime Province of Siberia since 1864 spread widely through rumors of ‘allocation of farming land’, ‘tax exemption’ and ‘economic success,’ which were facilitated by the social network and the anonymous communication structure of spreading the rumors. The Korean community in Siberia intervened in producing and spreading the rumors from 1867 and this led to the wide spread of the specific description of the farming areas throughout the Maritime Province as well as the provision of work cattle, seeds and financial support from the Russian government. There also existed rumors about recruiting of construction workers in Siberia, which added to the number of Korean immigrants there. The large-scale Korean migration of 1869 occurred due to the following factors: the closely-knit social network; the anonymous communication structure of rumors; the production and circulation of rumors and the aggressive intervention in migration by the Korean civil militia‧community of the Maritime Province of Siberia‧self-governing organization; the collective dimension of negotiation between the Korean people in Joseon and Russia. As many as 6,500 Korean emigrants became the loyal subjects of the Russian Tzar by the enforcement of relief and settlement policies for the miserable mass emigration in 1869. That was followed by the idealization of Tzar and the Russian empire from 1870‧1871, along with the widespread of the facts that the poor and helpless Koreans were provided with military provisions and work cattle to reclaim the wild forest and that brought them great wealth. The social network of the Koreans in both Korea and Siberia spread rumors that Tzar Russia is a paradise and this propelled massive emigration of Koreans to Russia. The extensive social network and the anonymous communication structure of rumors during the large-scale migration of 1869 came to function as a mechanism of strong social solidarity which protected the Korean migrants from the capital offense of the unauthorized migration through the border crossing and false rumors.