충청 수군營鎭과 연해郡縣의 船所 연구

Abstract

The seonso(船所: shipyard) was the naval base called the naval port for the navy of Joseon (ancient Korean dynasty). Chungcheong Suyeong navy controlled 18 eupjin areas (邑鎭: coastal counties and naval fortresses) and if headquarters area was included, controled 19 Seonsos. There are 4 jinseongs(鎭城: naval fortress) still left now among headquarter base and subject base based under the Chungcheong Navy but other jinseong had disappeared with their locations confirmed. Therefore, the location of seonso in the headquarters base and subject bases can be considered to be near the Jinseong. But, the Seonsos were distributed across 13 gunhyeon areas(郡縣: coastal counties) 4~20 km away from euopchi(邑治) area. Though the seonso was the main port for the naval fleet, its facilities had been buried under the ground or had been converted to the personal use when the Joseon's naval system was abolished. During the period of Japanese imperialism invading the Joseon dynasty in late Joseon period, the military term 'seonso' had become the dead term or out of the people's mind. In addition, even in the history of naval force, the study has mainly focused on the jinseong in headquarter base and the subject base. Recently, there has been the study on the seonso located in southern region of Gyeongsang-do. But, there has not been any trial on the study of seonso located on Chungcheong Navy. So, this study is critical to understand how the seonso was operated under Chungcheong Navy and why the study is needed. Under the background above, this study is trying to check the locations of 19 seonsos which were installed around the coastal area of Chungcheong-do and analyze the conditions of the locations. The navy of Joseon originally adopted the jusagoon(舟師軍: naval crew) system in which the naval crew was on board of the military ship for the services. From the period of King Seongjong(成宗) when there had been the system of jinbangzol(鎭防卒) seamen who were supposed to defend the fortress as the jinseong was built on the inland area. So, as the naval force which was supposed to take control of the sea defense only, got the jinseong, it became to take responsibility for guarding the jinseong. Accordingly, it looks like that the government's interest and its viewpoint toward the navy have changed from the seonso where the original mission of the navy had been implemented to the gwanbang(關防) which concentrated on the defense of jinseong. The seonso is the naval base like the current military facility, where there were the port for docking of the military ship, the access area, and the land based command post for military ship, barracks, and canteen for soldier, warehouses such as those for meat storage and the shipyard. Though the seonso have been the historical value as the naval base of Joseon, it has been destroyed or buried due to the large development projects such as reclamation during the modernization period and there are no places whose terrain at that time has been intact up to now. Accordingly, the study on the location and analysis of seonsos located along the coastal area of Chungcheong-do was conducted by using the documentary study. For the analysis of the location and its conditions of seonso, the data such as ancient maps such as yeojido(輿地圖), haedongjido(海東地圖), and regional map made in 1872 and the modern maps(1872年地方地圖) such as modern map in 1:50,000, old map, numerical aerial photograph and others were mainly used. From this study, the concept of seonso, which has been forgotten in the history of Chungcheong Navy and the location of 19 seonsos under the control of Chungcheong suyeong were understood. In addition, it was considered from the analysis of its location that the seonso was located more in preparation of the safety location kept away from the typhoon or tsunami rather than in preparation for the battle and the readiness of battle with enemy in emergency. The definition of mubuil (無浮日:days when a ship cannot float) could not be found out in details in Gagosuyeong(可考水營) which is the case collection of Chungcheong suyeong. But, it was found that the mubuil for 18 seonsos under the control of Chungcheong navy was from 2 days min. to 14 days max. In case of Jocheokpo seonso located in Nampohyeon, the mubuil was 10 days. Compared with the tide mark in current Daechon port, it is estimated that the height of bottom at the location of seonso was +2.7m higher than the mean sea level (MSL). 19 seonsos located along the coastal line of Chungcheong-do were the military base for Chungcheong navy during Joseon Dynasty. This study has its implication in that the Seonso which has been forgotten from our memory is reminded.