국립태안해양유물전시관 수장고 실내공기질 시계열 변화 연구
Change of Air Quality over Time in Storage Areas of the Taean Maritime Museum
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초록
실내에서 발생하는 휘발성유기화합물, 포름알데하이드와 같은 유기산은 공중보건 뿐만 아니라 문화재의 재질열화에도 유해한 영향을 미친다. 신축 건물은 오래된 건물 보다 유해물질의 방출량이 많으므로, 신축박물관에 유물을 격납하기 까지 충분한 시간을 두어 유해물질을 저감해야한다. 수장고 보존환경의 중요성은 널리 인식되어 있으면서도, 실제 신축박물관 수장고에서 발생하는 오염물질의 특성, 시간의 흐름에 따른 오염물질의 변화를 연구한 사례는 보고되지 않았다. 이에 따라, 국립해양문화재연구소에서는 2017년 12월 완공된 국립태안해양유물전시관 수장고를 대상으로 실내공기질 시계열 조사를 수행하였다. 2018년 4월부터 2019년 3월까지 수행된본 연구에서는 수장고 온습도 모니터링, 휘발성유기화합물, 포름알데히드, 이산화질소, 이산화황을 분석하였다. 실내공기질 포집은 패시브샘플러를 통해 포집한 후, 분석물질별로 분석을 실시했다. 휘발성유기화합물 분석은 Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector를, 포름알데히드 분석은 High Performance Liquid Chromatography를, 이산화질소와 이산화황은Ion Chromatography 분석을 실시했다. 연구결과 수장고 실내 온도는 계절변화에 따른 영향이적은 반면, 습도는 외기의 영향으로 실내 습도와 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 휘발성유기화합물은 The Getty Conservation Institute에서 제안하는 민감하지 않은 재질의 action limits 이하로 저감되기 까지 약 9개월이 소요되었다. 제3수장고 휘발성유기화합물의 주요 방출원으로는 Epoxy flooring이, 제1, 2수장고 포름알데하이드의 주요 방출원으로는 너도밤나무 flooring 에 따른 접착제일 가능성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 유물상자 격납 후 실내 휘발성유기화합물, 포름알데히드, 이산화질소 농도가 급격히 증가하여, 유물상자 및 포장재질에서 유해물질이방출됨을 확인하였다. 그러나, 그 농도는 실내 환경기준보다 낮음을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Organic acids such as volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde generated indoors lead to material degradation of cultural artifacts and adversely affect public health. Because new buildings emit more harmful substances than old ones, having sufficient time to mitigate such pollutants before cultural artifacts are stored in new museum storage areas is important. Although the importance of the storage room environment is widely recognized, the characteristics of pollutants in new museum storage rooms and the changes of those pollutants over time have not been reported. Accordingly, the National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage conducted a survey to identify the characteristics of air quality in storage areas of the Taean Maritime Museum from April 2018 to March 2019. In this study, the researchers monitored the temperature, humidity, and the concentrations of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Indoor air samples were collected through passive samplers and were analyzed for each analyte. Volatile organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, formaldehyde was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide were analyzed by ion chromatography. The results showed that the indoor temperature of the storage areas was less affected by the outdoor temperature, whereas the indoor humidity was correlated with the outdoor humidity because of the ventilation of air. In addition, the time required for volatile organic compounds in storage areas to meet the action limits suggested by the Canadian Conservation Institute was 9 months. Epoxy flooring was identified as the main emission source of the volatile organic compounds in the third storage room, and an adhesive associated with beech flooring was identified as the main emission source of formaldehyde in the first and second storage rooms. In addition, the indoor concentration of the volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide increased rapidly immediately after the relic boxes were stored in the rooms; harmful substances were confirmed to be released from the relic boxes and the packaging materials even though the indoor pollutant levels were below the guideline concentrations.
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