김홍도 《풍속화첩》을 통해 본 구도 특징에 관한 연구

Abstract

While previous research has analyzed Kim Hong-do's genre paintings to understand their overall characteristics, in-depth analysis of specific painting techniques has still been challenging to find. Therefore, this study aimed to make a significant contribution to the field of Korean art research and development by analyzing the compositional features of Kim Hong-do's genre paintings from the Joseon Dynasty. The primary focus of this study was on 'Pungsokhwacheop,' a collection of Kim Hong-do's genre paintings. 'Pungsokhwacheop' vividly portrays various aspects of daily life and emotions of people in the Joseon era, with intricate depictions of human and animal emotions. Moreover, it serves as a valuable historical source providing a realistic portrayal of the society and environment of that time. The research results revealed that Kim Hong-do displayed exceptional skills in composition and spatial arrangement. His compositional and spatial features can be categorized into four main aspects: First, he predominantly employed circular compositions to arrange groups of people in his paintings. This circular composition ingeniously directed viewers' attention towards the central theme. Second, he employed diagonal compositions to create dynamism in his works, while horizontal and vertical compositions conveyed a sense of stillness. He also utilized X-shaped compositions, balancing stability and movement effectively. Third, Kim Hong-do demonstrated meticulous spatial arrangement by skillfully positioning figures, props, and even perspective to maintain interest without causing monotony in the space. Notably, he intentionally adjusted perspective to consider the viewer's experience. Fourth, a distinctive feature of 'Pungsokhwacheop' was its direct depiction of the central theme in the center of the composition. This reflected Kim Hong-do's intention to emphasize multiple subjects on a relatively small canvas. Through this analysis, it becomes evident that Kim Hong-do's artistic spirit went beyond typical compositional techniques, showcasing his creativity. His work not only provides insight into the creativity of the artist but also serves as a guide for contemporary readers, highlighting the continuity of creative art and tradition.