국내 바이오제약 산업의 기업효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 연구- 비즈니스 모델, 개방형 혁신 유형을 중심으로 -
Factors Affecting Corporate Efficiency in Korean Biopharmaceutical Industry - Focusing on Business Model and Open Innovation types -
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초록
바이오제약 산업은 막대한 R&D 투자, 고위험과 고수익, 규제기관의 엄격한 규제, 세계시장 단위에서의 규모의 경제 발생 등의 특징을 지닌 미래 성장가능성이 높은 산업이다. 다만 시간이 지날수록 R&D 효율성은 점차 하락하고 있고, 이에 글로벌 기업들은 기존의 폐쇄적인 R&D 접근 방식에서 벗어나 개방형 혁신 R&D 모델을 점점 많이 수용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 이런 환경 변화 속에서 국내 바이오제약 기업들의 비즈니스별 효율성을 분석하고, 개방형 혁신 관점에서 효율성에 영향을 주는 요인들을 분석하고자 한다. 분석자료는 한국바이오협회가 매년 설문조사 등을 통해 실시하는 ‘바이오산업 실태조사’ 자료를 활용하였고, 생산과 연구를 병행하는 통합형 그룹과 연구만 집중하는 연구집중 그룹으로 분류하여 3년의 사업성과 시차를 반영하였다. 먼저, DEA를 활용한 기업효율성 분석 결과 연구집중 그룹이 통합형 그룹보다 더 효율적으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 이러한 효율성에 영향을 주는 요인을 개방형 혁신 관점에서 Tobit분석을 했는데, 전반적으로 개방형 혁신 중 기술협력 보다는 비기술협력이 효율성에 양(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 확인됐고, 개별활동에서는 합작투자가 양(+)의 영향을, 공동연구가 음(-)의 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 위 같은 결과는 바이오제약 기업은 연구개발에 집중적인 투자가 필요하지만, 단기간에 효율성을 높이려면 장기간의 자원 투입이 소요되는 연구개발 보다는 재무적 투자가 더 효율적임을 보여준다.
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry is an industry with great growth potential for future growth, characterized by massive R&D investment, high risks and high profits, strict regulations by regulators and economic outbreaks of scale at the global market level. However, as time goes by, R&D efficiency is gradually decreasing and global companies are increasingly embracing Open innovation away from existing closed R&D approaches. In response, this study analyze the efficiency of domestic biopharmaceutical companies by business model and analyze the factors that affect efficiency from an Open innovation perspective. The data analyzed the ‘Survey of Domestic Bioindustry conducted by the Korea Bio Association through an annual survey and was classified into an ‘Integrated group (G1)’ that combines production and R&D and a ‘Research concentration group (G2)’ that focuses only on R&D. First, efficiency was compared through DEA analysis and the R&D concentration group was analyzed more efficiently than the integrated group. Next, the perspective of Open innovation was analyzed through Tobit method and overall non-technical cooperation rather than technological cooperation among Open innovation was found to have a positive effect on efficiency, and joint research had a negative effect on individual activities. The above result is Biopharmaceutical companies need intensive investment in R&D but it shows that financial investment is more efficient than R&D, which requires long-term resource input to increase efficiency in a short period of time.
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