1920년대 ‘非基督敎運動’과 중국 공산당

Abstract

While it appeared once in a while following New Policies Reform of the Qing Dynasty after the Boxer Rebellion, the Anti-Christian Movement did not stir up a big issue, but coming into the 1920s, many organizations opposing Christianity were founded mainly by students and intellectuals and the ‘Anti-Christian Movement’ broke out during the Nationalist Revolution. The Anti-Christian Movement was a nationwide movement of patriotism and nationalism from 1922 to 1927 that aimed at opposing imperialism that conducts cultural invasion using religion. This study first examined the historical background and progress for the occurrence of the Anti-Christian Movement. Next, the progression of the Anti-Christian Movement of the Chinese Communist Party focusing on the Communist Youth League of China that accepted the Anti-Christian Movement that started as a student and youth movement in Shanghai. In particular, the course in which this movement that started initially as a dispute antichristianism into an ‘Anti-Christian Movement’ with the assertive involvement of the Communist Party was examined. From the perspective of the Chinese Communist Party, the party that was still in its infancy was able to solidify its organizational capacities while leading the Anti-Christian Movement and it was possible to establish a somewhat principle-based policy regarding religious policies of the Communist Party. From a historical standpoint, despite the Anti-Christian Movement being under the leadership of the Communist Party, this had a tone of a neo-cultural movement under the conditions of the times namely the Chinese Revolution, and unlikeanti-Christian struggles of the previous century, it had different features and significance of the times. The Anti-Christian Movement of the 1920s was not simply a movement that was against Christianity, but was one of the typical movements such as the anti-imperialism, anti-military clique, and as a rise of nationalism, which was elevated at the time. This Anti-Christian Movement shocked Christians in China and Christianity in China also changed the missionary activities in China through the shock of the Anti-Christian Movement, and it led to a new stage, which was the period of the naturalization movement of Christianity and the China Christian Independent Church movement.