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행동원인규명척도(FAPB)를 활용한 문제행동 유형 및 관찰자 유형 변인에 따른 문제행동 기능 규명

Identification of the Function of Problem Behavior Using Functional Assessment: Based on Types of Observer and Problem Behavior

정경미|진동주
한국행동분석학회 (Korean Association for Behavior Analysis)|2021.12|행동분석ㆍ지원연구 (Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support)|제8권 제3호|pp. 57-74|DOI 10.22874/kaba.2021.8.3.57

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problem behaviordevelopmental disabilities문제행동functional assessment발달장애인관찰자기능 평가문제행동 유형observertypes of problem behavior

초록

본 연구는 관찰자 유형과 문제행동 유형에 따른 문제행동 기능파악을 위해 실시되었으며, 이를 위해, 부모, 교사, 그리고 치료사 및 기관종사자의 세 집단을 대상으로 선정 기준을 충족한 총 473명의 참가자를 모집하여 행동원인규명척도와 인구통계학적 자료를 수집하였다. 독립변인은 관찰자 유형과 문제행동 유형, 종속변인은 문제행동의 기능으로 설정하여 반복측정 분산분석을 실시하였으며, 두 변인 사이의 상호작용 효과도 분석하였다. 그 결과, 관찰자 효과는 관찰되지 않았으나 관찰자 변인 사이의 평균을 비교하기 위한 사후분석 결과, 부모 집단에서 요구 기능이 가장 적게 나타났다. 문제행동 유형은 유의한 효과가 관찰되었는데, 떼쓰기, 공격, 자해 행동의 경우 요구와 회피 기능이, 상동행동의 경우 자기자극 기능이 유의미하게 관련이 있다고 보고되어 선행연구와 비교적 일관된 결과를 보였다. 관찰자 변인과 문제행동 유형 변인 사이의 상호작용 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 추후 임상 현장에서의 본 연구 결과 활용 방법과 후속 연구에 대한 제안을 하였다.

Abstract

Although identification of the function of problem behavior can be influenced by observers or types of problem behaviors, there is lack of studies analyzing these factors. The purpose of this study, which is focused on people with developmental disabilities, was to identify the functions of problem behaviors reported by three different groups of caregivers(teachers, staff/therapists, and parents), and types of problem behaviors(self-injurious, attack, destroy, stereotype, tantrum, others). Total of 473 participants answered basic information record and Functional Assessment for the Challenging/Problem Behaviors (FAPB). Results show that there was no significant difference in function of problem behavior across observers, but the main effect of the problem behavior type was observed. As a result of post-analysis of observer variables, demand was reported the least in the parent group. Attack and self-injurious behavior were significantly related to demand and avoidance, which was consistent with previous studies. interaction between two independent variables was not significant. Utilization of the result in the clinical field and further research was suggested.

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