개별화된 긍정적 행동중재와 지원(PBIS)이 지적장애 학생의 수업참여 행동에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Individualized Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) on Class Engagement of a Student with Intellectual Disabilities
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초록
본 연구는 개별화된 긍정적 행동중재와 지원(positive behavior interventions and supports, PBIS)이 지적장애를 가진 학생의 수업참여 행동에 어떤 효과를 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구 참여자는 특수학교 전공과 1학년 학생 1명이다. 목표행동으로 정한 수업참여 행동은 과제수행 행동과 수업방해 행동으로 구성된다. 중재는 개별화된 PBIS를 실시하였으며 여기에는 팀 구성, 행동의 기능평가, 가설 설정, 행동중재계획 수립, 행동기술훈련(behavioral skills training, BST)이 포함된다. 상황간 중다기초선설계를 사용한 실험 결과, 수업참여 행동과 개별화된 PBIS 사이의 기능적 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 관찰은 40분의 수업 영상을 녹화한 다음 수업 시작 직후 5분과 수업 종료 직전 5분을 제외한 총 30분을 2분 간격으로 나누어 순간시간표집법으로 목표행동의 발생률을 측정하였다. 시각적 분석 결과, 개별화된 PBIS는 지적장애 학생의 과제수행 행동을 증가시키고 수업방해 행동을 감소시키는 데 효과가 있었고 중재 단계 이후에도 그 효과가 유지되었다. 연구 전반에 관한 논의와 제한점, 후속연구에 관한 제언을 서술하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the effects of individualized positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) on class engagement of a student with intellectual disabilities. The participant was a post-secondary student with intellectual disabilities in a special school. Observed target behaviors were on-task behaviors and disrupting behaviors during the class. The interventions were individualized PBIS, which were consisted of team building, use of functional behavior assessment (FBA), hypothesis developmental, behavior intervention plan (BIP), and behavioral skills training (BST). Multiple baseline design across settings was used to examine the effects of PBIS on class engagement. The class was recorded using video for 30 minutes, excluding 5 minutes of the beginning and end of the class. Target behaviors were recorded using time sampling in 15 intervals and calculated in occurrence rate. Overall, The results of the visual analysis found that PBIS with implementation was effective to improve on-task behaviors and reduce disruptive behaviors during the class. This effect was also maintained after a certain period. Discussions, limitations, and future researches were suggested.
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