스웨덴 정치체제의 변화: 스웨덴 민주당의 등장을 중심으로
Swedish Political System in Transition: Focusing on the Rise of the Sweden Democrats
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이 논문은 유럽사회조사(ESS) 자료를 이용하여 2000년대 스웨덴 정치체제의 변화로 인식되는 새로운 정당들의 등장의 배경과 원인을 분석한다. 특히 스웨덴 민주당의 등장이 스웨덴 사회의 변화를 반영하는 것인가 아니면 사회변화와 무관하게 특정 이념을 지닌 정치집단에 의해서 추동 된 정치적 현상인가를 분석한다. 분석결과는 스웨덴 민주당의 등장은 사회적 변화의 산물이라기보다 특정 정치집단의 전략적 산물이라는 점이다. 그리고 스웨덴 민주당은 유럽에서 나타나는 극우 포퓰리즘 정당들과는 달리 유럽연합에 대한 반대보다 이민/이민자에 대한 반대에 기초하고 있는 단일 이슈 정당이다. 단일 이슈 정당은 일시적으로 성공을 거둘 수 있지만, 지속성 여부는 의문시된다.
Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the Sweden Democrats in Sweden in the 2000s, analyzing the European Social Survey data. Focusing on the relationship between supporters and explicit orientations of political parties, this paper examines whether the rise of new political parties, particularly the Sweden Democrats, reflects social change in the Swedish society or simply it is an outcome of political strategies of political groups. The results display that the rise of Sweden Democrats in Sweden is an outcome of political entrepreneurs’ strategies rather than social change itself. It also shows that unlike the other right-wing populist parties in Europe, the Sweden Democrats is a single issue party opposing immigration and immigrants rather than the opposition to European Union. Thus, the sustainability of the Sweden Democrats as a single issue party is questionable in the future.
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