왜 스웨덴에서 극우정당이 급성장하는가?
Why Has the Far Right Grown Rapidly in Sweden?
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이 논문은 2006년에 처음으로 의회에 진출하여 2016년 여러 차례 여론조사에서 제1당으로까지 급부상한 스웨덴 극우주의 정당인 스웨덴 민주당(SD)의 급성장 원인을 경험적으로 분석한다. 스웨덴 민주당이 1988년 창당 초기부터 반(反)이민 정책을 핵심적인 노선으로 제시하였지만, 충분한 지지 획득에 실패하였다. 그러나 기존 정당에 대한 높은 불신 속에서 2006년 의회 진출에 성공하였고, 2014년 이후 ‘유럽의 이민 위기’를 기회로 지지도를 크게 높이는데 성공하였다 점을 경험적으로 밝힌다. 동시에 스웨덴 민주당은 기존 신자유주의 우파와는 달리 스웨덴만의 복지를 옹호하는 ‘복지 쇼비니즘’을 내세우고 있다는 점에서 노동자들의 불안을 적극적으로 활용한 결과라는 점을 논의한다.
Abstract
This paper explores the causes of the rapid growth of Sweden Democrats, the extreme rightist party in Sweden, after it entered into the Risdag in 2006 for the first time. While Sweden Democrats proclaimed anti-immigration party as a main party principle from 1988 when it started, it failed to get sufficient votes for the seats in the Risdag. However, it succeeded in entering into the Risdag under the hostile reaction from the existing parties in 2010 under the condition of the high level of voters’ distrust of the existing political parties. It could expand its social base to be the third largest party in the Risdag in 2014 in the crisis of migration in Europe. Unlike neo-liberal rightist parties, it mobilized the fear of the working class and getting large supports from it by invoking anti-immigration and proclaiming welfare chauvinism.
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