스웨덴 노동시장 갈등과노사정 협력체제의 지속과 변화
Continuity and Change on Tripartite Cooperation System in Sweden
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이 글은 1950년대부터 2000년대까지 스웨덴 노사정 협력체제의 특징과 변화를 중앙 협상체계, 단체교섭구조, 노사정 관계를 통해 살펴보고 제도의 지속과 변화를 통시적으로 고찰한다. 20세기 후반부에 걸친 스웨덴 노사정 협력체제의 점진적 변화과정을 역사제도주의적 제도변화 개념을 적용하여 유형화하는 동시에 행위자 간의 이익연합의 변화를 통해 제도변화의 동태적 속성을 드러낸다. 생산 측면에서 자율적 노사협력이 중앙집중적 교섭체계에서 프레임 교섭 등으로 변화에 적응하는 양상-적층(layering)-을 나타내는 데 반해 정책적 협력은 확연히 축소, 대체(displacement)되었다. 정책적 협력이 축소되는데 영향을 미친 연대임금에는 드리프트(drift)로 인한 변화가 나타났다. 결과적으로 스웨덴의 노사정협력체제는 급격한 제도 전환이 아니라 다양한 방식의 점진적 변화를 나타내고 있으나 큰 틀에서 경로의존적 지속성이 유지되고 있다. 후기 산업사회에 점증하는 노동시장 이중화 현상에도 불구하고 노사정 협력제도의 구축과 정책적 노력에 의해 노동시장을 재조직하고 사회적 부작용을 완화할 수 있다는 점에서 스웨덴 사례에 주목할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This article investigates the continuity and change on tripartite cooperation system in Sweden at reporting through the central bargaining system, collective bargaining structures and tripartite relations from the 1950s to the 2000s as diachronic. It reveals the gradual changes of the Swedish tripartite cooperation typed by applying the concept of evolutionary institutional changes of historical institutional analysis and the dynamic properties of the institutional changes through change in profit association between the actors. Adapting to changes from the centralized bargaining system to frame agreement, changing aspects of voluntary labor-management cooperation in the production side is defined ‘layering.’ As the cooperation of the policy making processes cooperation, however, has been significantly reduced, it could be typed ‘displacement,’ a mode of institutional change. There is political cooperation has reduced the impact Crazy solidarity wage has had a change due to ‘drift.’ As a result, the Swedish tripartite cooperation has gradually changed, but there was not a sudden conversion and has remains a path-dependent continuity in the big picture. The continuity and change of Swedish tripartite system give us an important implication that despite the growing phenomenon of dualization of labor markets in the post-industrial society, through reorganizing the labor market by building the tripartite institution and policy efforts, we could mitigate adverse social practices and form a sustainable cooperative system.
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