북유럽 평화안보협력의 전략적 함의: ‘노르딕 평화 브랜드’를 중심으로
Strategic Implications of Nordic Peace and Security Cooperation: Focusing on the ‘Nordic Peace Brand’
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본 연구는 국제질서의 이해관계가 교차하는 북유럽 지역에서 발전한 평화이념의 역사적 배경을 살펴보고, 최근 노르딕 국가들이 평화이념을 다시 부각시키는 맥락을 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 노르딕 국가들의 상호협력은 안보공동체 개념을 제시한 구성주의 국제정치이론의 대표적 논거를 제공했다. 노르딕 국가들은 특히 냉전기간 동안 소련과 미국의 군사적 압박에도 불구하고, 인권, 평화, 민주주의 이념을 표방하며 갈등 과 긴장이 고조된 지역에서 평화중재자 역할을 했다. 냉전종식 후에는각기 상이한 방식으로 국제 분쟁해결에 관여했으며, 유럽연합이 규범 권력을 지향하는 외교안보정책을 수립하는 데에 영향을 미쳤다. 최근 노르딕방위협력기구를 중심으로 노르딕 국가들의 군사안보협력이 강화되고 있는 상황이며, 이러한 추세는 평화이념과 방위협력 간의 딜레마로 보일 수 있다. 그러나 노르딕 국가들이 냉전시대 이래로 유지했던 외교안보 전략의 실용성에 주목할 필요가 있으며, ‘노르딕 평화 브랜드’는 노르딕 국가들이 평화이념에 토대하여 구성한 전략적 정체성으로 평가할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the historical background of the peace and conflict resolution in the Nordic region and to analyze the context in which the Nordic countries have recently re-emphasized the idea of peace. The mutual cooperation of Nordic countries provided a representative rationale for the constructivist political theory that presented the concept of a security community. The Nordic countries, particularly during the Cold War, advocated human rights, peace and democracy in the face of military pressure from the USSR and the US. They also played a role as a peace mediator in areas where international conflicts were escalating. Also, after the end of the Cold War, each country influenced the European Union to establish foreign and security policies oriented toward normative power. However, more recently, military and security cooperation between Nordic countries has been strengthened based on the Nordic Defense Cooperation Organization (NORDEFCO), and this trend can be seen as a dilemma between the peace and military cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the pragmatic aspect of the security strategy that has been developed in the Nordic region. The ‘Nordic Peace’ brand can be understood as a strategic identity in which Nordic countries maximize national interests based on the idea of peace.
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